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+%include "default.mgp"
+%default 1 bgrad
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+%nodefault
+%back "blue"
+
+%center
+%size 7
+
+
+What is Open Source / Free Software ?
+
+
+
+%center
+%size 4
+by
+
+Harald Welte <hwelte@astaro.com>
+Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Contents
+
+
+ The traditional (proprietary) software model
+ The Free / Open Source software model
+ Important Free / Open Source software licenses
+ Difference Free Software / Open Source
+ History of Free / Open Source software
+ Who is behind FOSS?
+ Development Process
+ Thanks
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+The traditional (proprietary) software model
+
+ traditional software model
+ product-oriented
+ vendor finances development of software
+ business model of software based on secret source code
+ same copy of software object code is sold under a very restrictive license
+ license fees refinance cost of development
+ enforcement of restrictive license guarantees revenue
+ advantages
+ proven business model
+ disadvantage
+ vendor has to develop everything on his own or buy licenses of 3rd party software
+ less flexibility for the customer
+ does the customer trust the 'black box' you are selling?
+ if vendor goes out of business, no bugfixes/updates
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+The free / open source software model
+
+ Open Source / Free Software model
+ service based
+ individual parties contribute code parts
+ software is distributed for free
+ software source code is distributed under very permissive license
+ service / support / customization refinance development
+ advantages
+ vast amount of available FOSS can be used as foundation for own products
+ source code is available for peer review
+ bug fixes for free, people just send you patches
+ new features impelemented by your users!
+ disadvantage
+ business model has yet to prove scalability
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Difference Free Software / Open Source
+
+ difference free software / open source
+ free software
+ term 'free software' (free as in freedom, not beer) introduced by Richard Stallman / FSF 1984.
+ focus on political/ethical/philosophical freedom
+ open source
+ term 'open source' software (OSS) introduced by OSI in 1997
+ focus on technological advantage by means of source review
+ most FOSS licenses match both definitions, OSS less restrictive
+ FOSS is _not_ to be mistaken as freeware / shareware!
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Important FOSS licenses
+
+
+ important free / open source license
+ BSD (Berkeley Systems Derivate) style license
+ permits any use of the sourcecode as long as copyright notice remains
+ GPL (GNU General Public License)
+ source for resulting binary has to be provided
+ ensures that derivates of free software are still free
+ LGPL (GNU Lesser General Public License)
+ permits linking with non-gpl code (mainly used for libraries)
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+History of Free / Open Source Software
+
+ history of free / open source software
+ initially software always for free in source (e.g. IBM S/360)
+ as hardware gets less expensive, companies start to license software for money
+ some people (Stallman, et. al.) didn't want to give up the freedom they're used to.
+ 1983: GNU project is founded, goal: Implementation of a free UNIX-like operating system
+ 1984: Free Software Foundation is established as non-for-profit legal entity behind the GNU project
+ 1991: Linus Torvalds releases the first version of the Linux Kernel under the GNU GPL license. Together with the other parts from the GNU project and others, a 100% free operating system is available
+ 1994-1999: FOSS is increasingly recognized as reliable, stable alternative to proprietary software, esp. in the server + networking market
+ 2000-2003: FOSS is increasingly considered as an alternative on the desktop (see recent decision by Munich city administration, respective laws in latin america, ...)
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Who is behind FOSS?
+
+ individuals
+ computer enthusiasts motivated by
+ fight: david <-> goliath
+ ability to show how poorly implemented most proprietary software is
+ ability to gain more experience / better reputation
+ experienced end-users
+ independent consultants
+ looking for a solution to a particular problem and already have 95% by using existing FOSS
+ organizations
+ commercial entities who recognize the value of FOSS
+ contributions to existing projects
+ start of new projects
+ contracting consultants and FOSS companies for implementation of missing features
+ mixed FOSS / proprietary companies (like Astaro)
+ use FOSS as foundation for their proprietary solutions
+ have a vital need for a reliable and up-to-date foundation, thus contribute back to and/or fund FOSS
+ academic institutions (e.g. exim, cyrus)
+ are traditionally involved in the exchange of research results. Why treat software differently?
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Development Process
+
+ development process, communication
+ everybody who agrees to the license can contribute code
+ project is usually started by a single developer or a small group
+ different actors in development process
+ maintainer: official person to maintain the code, responsible
+ core team: small group of leaders behind the project
+ developers: people who write code on a regular basis
+ contibutors: people who contribute a single feature or a bug fix from time to time
+ users: people who use the software, often organized on mailinglists, newsgroups, user groups, ..
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Development Process
+
+ main communication medium are mailinglists
+ every developer can be contacted directly via email
+ leaders/managers are people with the best technical skills, unlike the 'commercial world' where you need certain diploma, connections, ...
+ communication is random. no manager <-> manager talk about technical stuff they don't understand
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%page
+What is Free / Open Source Software (FOSS)
+Thanks
+
+ in the name of the netfilter/iptables project, thanks to Astaro for funding
+ particular tasks on my schedule
+ equipment (dual Opteron below my desk)
+ my travel expenses to many FOSS conferences
+ the netfilter developer workshop in August 2003 (Budapest, HU)
+
+
personal git repositories of Harald Welte. Your mileage may vary