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+Complex protocols such as FTP, H.323, SIP, RTSP, require special treatment by
+stateful packet filters and network address translators. Software implementing
+such special treatment is often referred to as "application level gateway" (ALG).
+In the Linux netfilter world, they are called "conntrack helpers" and "NAT helpers".
+
+So far, the Linux netfilter/iptables subystem, much like it's predecessor
+ipchains, only supported such helpers inside kernel space.
+
+However, recent advances in the netfilter world such as nfnetlink_queue,
+libnetfilter_queue, nfnetlink_conntrcack and libnetfilter_conntrack provide
+almost all the infrastructure required for running conntrack/NAT helpers in
+userspace.
+
+At this time, the author is working on the missing tiny additional piece called
+nfnetlink_cthelper and libnetfilter_cthelper. At the time the paper will be
+finished and presented, it is expected that this code is mainline and the first
+userspace conntrack/nat helpers will be available.
+
personal git repositories of Harald Welte. Your mileage may vary