From fca59bea770346cf1c1f9b0e00cb48a61b44a8f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Harald Welte Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2015 21:00:20 +0100 Subject: import of old now defunct presentation slides svn repo --- 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.pdf | Bin 0 -> 674555 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.svg | 1531 ++++++++++++++++++++ .../UMTS_Network_Architecture.pdf | Bin 0 -> 48957 bytes .../UMTS_Network_Architecture.svg | 916 ++++++++++++ 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.pdf | Bin 0 -> 1182405 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.snm | 0 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.tex | 501 +++++++ 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.pdf | Bin 0 -> 43802 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.svg | 1341 +++++++++++++++++ 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_pdp_ctx_act.png | Bin 0 -> 15816 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_ra_upd.png | Bin 0 -> 15954 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_user_stack.pdf | Bin 0 -> 46016 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_user_stack.svg | 1357 +++++++++++++++++ 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_control.pdf | Bin 0 -> 70743 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_control.svg | 1519 +++++++++++++++++++ 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_user.pdf | Bin 0 -> 54123 bytes 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_user.svg | 1497 +++++++++++++++++++ 17 files changed, 8662 insertions(+) create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.svg create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.svg create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.snm create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.tex create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.svg create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_pdp_ctx_act.png create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_ra_upd.png create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_user_stack.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_user_stack.svg create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_control.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_control.svg create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_user.pdf create mode 100644 2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/umts_ps_user.svg (limited to '2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011') diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.pdf b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc54575 Binary files /dev/null and b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.pdf differ diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.svg b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..331298c --- /dev/null +++ b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/Gsm_structures.svg @@ -0,0 +1,1531 @@ + + + + GSM structure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + GSM structure + 2009-12-09 + + + Kevin (tsaitgaist) Redon + + + key elements of the structure of a GSM network + + + + - terminal icons gnome (devices) the gnome icon package +- servers from http://openclipart.org/media/files/Anonymous/7274 + + + + + + + + Base Station Subsystem (BSS) + + Structure of a GSM network (key elements) + Network SubSystem (NSS) + + GPRS Core Network + + Mobile Station (MS) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + R + Air + (Um) + A-bis + A + Gb + H/E etc + Gr/Gs + Gn + Gi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PSTN + + + SS7 network + + + + GPRS backboneIP netwok + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Internet + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + # + 0 + * + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BTS + BTS + BSC + PCU + MSC/VLR + SGSN + GGSN + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + HLR/AUC(EIR) + + MT/TE + TE + SIM(UICC) + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.pdf b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38ce3d8 Binary files /dev/null and b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.pdf differ diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.svg b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4168c13 --- /dev/null +++ b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/UMTS_Network_Architecture.svg @@ -0,0 +1,916 @@ + + + + + UMTS Network Architecture + + + + image/svg+xml + + UMTS Network Architecture + https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:UMTS_Network_Architecture.png + vector version of https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:UMTS_Network_Architecture.png + 2010-04-14 + + + Kevin (tsaitgaist) Redon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Services + Core Network + UTRAN + RNS + CBC + SGSN + MSC Server + MGW + RNC + RNC + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + NodeB + + + + + + + lur + + + + + + + + + + + lub + lub + + + + + + + + + lub + lub + + + + + + + + lu-BC + + + + + + + lu-PS + + + + + + + + lu-CS + + + + + + + lu-CS + + + + + + + RNS + Source:Wikipedia, User: tsaitgaist, CC-BY-SA + + diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.pdf b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7e5b1c Binary files /dev/null and b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.pdf differ diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.snm b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.snm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.tex b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c329bb --- /dev/null +++ b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/cell_prot_int.tex @@ -0,0 +1,501 @@ +% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/solutions/conference-talks/conference-ornate-20min.en.tex,v 1.7 2007/01/28 20:48:23 tantau Exp $ + +\documentclass{beamer} + +\usepackage{url} +\makeatletter +\def\url@leostyle{% + \@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\sf}}{\def\UrlFont{\tiny\ttfamily}}} +\makeatother +%% Now actually use the newly defined style. +\urlstyle{leo} + + +% This file is a solution template for: + +% - Talk at a conference/colloquium. +% - Talk length is about 20min. +% - Style is ornate. + + + +% Copyright 2004 by Till Tantau . +% +% In principle, this file can be redistributed and/or modified under +% the terms of the GNU Public License, version 2. +% +% However, this file is supposed to be a template to be modified +% for your own needs. For this reason, if you use this file as a +% template and not specifically distribute it as part of a another +% package/program, I grant the extra permission to freely copy and +% modify this file as you see fit and even to delete this copyright +% notice. + + +\mode +{ + \usetheme{Warsaw} + % or ... + + \setbeamercovered{transparent} + % or whatever (possibly just delete it) +} + + +\usepackage[english]{babel} +% or whatever + +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +% or whatever + +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +% Or whatever. Note that the encoding and the font should match. If T1 +% does not look nice, try deleting the line with the fontenc. + + +\title{Cellular Protocols for Mobile Internet} + +\subtitle +{GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSPA demystified} + +\author{Harald Welte } + +\institute +{gnumonks.org\\OpenBSC\\OsmocomBB\\hmw-consulting.de\\sysmocom GmbH} +% - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations. +% - Keep it simple, no one is interested in your street address. + +\date[28c3] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name) +{28C3, December 2011, Berlin/Germany} +% - Either use conference name or its abbreviation. +% - Not really informative to the audience, more for people (including +% yourself) who are reading the slides online + +\subject{Communications} +% This is only inserted into the PDF information catalog. Can be left +% out. + + + +% If you have a file called "university-logo-filename.xxx", where xxx +% is a graphic format that can be processed by latex or pdflatex, +% resp., then you can add a logo as follows: + +% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{university-logo}{university-logo-filename} +% \logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}} + + + +% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at +% the beginning of each subsection: +%\AtBeginSubsection[] +%{ +% \begin{frame}{Outline} +% \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection] +% \end{frame} +%} + + +% If you wish to uncover everything in a step-wise fashion, uncomment +% the following command: + +%\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->} + + +\begin{document} + +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Outline} + \tableofcontents[hideallsubsections] + % You might wish to add the option [pausesections] +\end{frame} + + +% Structuring a talk is a difficult task and the following structure +% may not be suitable. Here are some rules that apply for this +% solution: + +% - Exactly two or three sections (other than the summary). +% - At *most* three subsections per section. +% - Talk about 30s to 2min per frame. So there should be between about +% 15 and 30 frames, all told. + +% - A conference audience is likely to know very little of what you +% are going to talk about. So *simplify*! +% - In a 20min talk, getting the main ideas across is hard +% enough. Leave out details, even if it means being less precise than +% you think necessary. +% - If you omit details that are vital to the proof/implementation, +% just say so once. Everybody will be happy with that. + +\begin{frame}{About the speaker} +\begin{itemize} + \item Using + playing with Linux since 1994 + \item Kernel / bootloader / driver / firmware development since 1999 + \item IT security expert, focus on network protocol security + \item Former core developer of Linux packet filter netfilter/iptables + \item Board-level Electrical Engineering + \item Always looking for interesting protocols (RFID, DECT, GSM) + \item OpenEXZ, OpenPCD, Openmoko, OpenBSC, OsmocomBB, OsmoSGSN +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\section{Evolution of cellular networks} + +\subsection{GSM/GPRS/EDGE} + +\begin{frame}{GSM / CSD} +\begin{itemize} + \item GSM is the first digital cellular system, developed in 1980ies, first deployment 1990 + \item GSM is a pure circuit-switched technology, like POTS/ISDN in the land-line world + \item GSM offers CSD (circuit switched data) to provide similar service as analog modems in land-line telephone network + \item CSD offers data rates 2400 / 4800 / 9600 / 14400 bps + \item CSD still supported by a number of operators today +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GSM / HSCSD} +\begin{itemize} + \item HSCSD is High-Speed CSD + \item HSCSD bundles up to four GSM time-slots to achieve 38.4/57.6kbps data speeds + \item very expensive in terms of network load (1 data session occupies 4 to 8 times the bandwidth of a phone call) + \item was popular for a very short time only, dead by now +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS} +\begin{itemize} + \item GPRS (General Packet Radio Servie) specified in 1990ies, first deployed 1999 + \item A separate, independent network to GSM, using same modulation/channeling and time-slot structure + \item Introduces lots of GPRS-specific equipment (CCU, PCU, SGSN, GGSN) to the network + \item packet-switched, not circuit switched + \item net band-width for IP around 56 to 114 kbits/sec + \item available virtually anywhere on the world except Japan/Korea +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{EDGE} +\begin{itemize} + \item Enhanced Data-rates for GSM evolution, EGPRS and ECSD + \item Actually, most people mean only EGPRS when they say EDGE + \item uses same channel/bandwidth/TDMA as GPRS + \item physical layer uses 8PSK modulation instead of GMSK + \item no real changes to any higher protocol layers + \item most phones support EGPRS up to 236 kbits/sec + \item available virtually anywhere on the world except Japan/Korea +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{UMTS - 3G} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS} +\begin{itemize} + \item UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephony System) developed in 1996-1999 + \item First commercial deployments 2002 + \item 384 kbits/sec downlink, 128 kbits/sec uplink + \item entirely new system, not an evolution/extensions of GSM/GPRS/EDGE + \item Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) used as modulation technique + \item Supports CS (ciruit switched) and PS (packet switched) services + \item fixed part of the network heavily uses ATM over SONET/SDH +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{HSDPA} +\begin{itemize} + \item introduces new transport channel: HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel) + \item added in UMTS Release >= 5 + \item uses new physical channels: HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH, HS-PDSCH + \item adaptive modulation (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) + \item 3.6 Mbits/sec downlink + \item Rel-5 also introduces 384 kbits/sec uplink +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{HSUPA} +\begin{itemize} + \item HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) == EUL (Enhanced Uplink) + \item added in UMTS Releae >= 6 + \item similar techniques as for HSUPA but uplink + \item new physical channels: E-AGCH, E-RGCH, E-DPCH, E-HICH, E-DPCCH, E-DPDCH + \item Hybrid-ARQ to improve performance of re-transmissions + \item common use up to 5.76 Mbits/sec +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{HSPA+} +\begin{itemize} + \item HSPA+ == ESPA (Evolved High Speed Packet Access) + \item added in UMTS Release >= 7 + \item up to 84 Mbits/sec DL, up to 22Mbits/s UL + \item MIMO, QAM-64, combining two cells (dual-cell) + \item theoretical maximum at 186 Mbit/s + \item first deployments in 2008 +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + + +\section{GSM / GPRS / EDGE} + +\subsection{Circuit Switched Data (CSD)} + +\begin{frame}{Circuit Switched Data} +\begin{itemize} + \item Not covered here, only historic relevance... +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{GPRS Stacking and Layers} + +\begin{frame}{GSM / GPRS Network Structure} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=95mm]{Gsm_structures.pdf} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS Control Plane Stacking} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=115mm]{gprs_control_stack.pdf} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS User Plane Stacking} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=115mm]{gprs_user_stack.pdf} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS Lower Layers} +\begin{itemize} + \item MAC (Medium Access Control), TS 44.060 + \item MAC layer immediately on top of PDTCH physical channel + \item RLC (Radio Lonk Control), also TS 44.060 + \item RLC layer on top of MAC layer + \item resource allocation always controlled by network + \item message encoding specified in CSN.1 (Concrete Syntax Notation) +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS Gb Layers} +\begin{itemize} + \item NS (Network Service) layer, TS 08.16 + \begin{itemize} + \item maintains (redundant) physical links on top of frame relay + \item fail-over and load-sharing over various links + \item NS originally used over FR (Frame Relay) + \item sometimes NS in FR in IP + \item later also NS-over-IP (NSIP) using UDP + \end{itemize} + \item BSSGP (Base Station Subsystem Gateway Protocol), TS 08.18 + \begin{itemize} + \item BVCI (BSSGP Virtual Connection Identifier) + \item maintains one BVC for each BTS in a BSS + \item maintains one additional BVC for each BSS (paging) + \item implements flow control (BSS, MS, PFC) + \item very inefficient due to large headers for every msg + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS LLC Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item SNDCP (Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol), TS 04.64 + \item LLC (Logical Link Control) established between SGSN and MS + \item supports acknowledged and unacknowledged mode + \item one SAPI for signalling (GMM, SM) + \item additional SAPIs available for user traffic in SNDCP + \item GEA encryption happens on LLC layer + \item Checksumming +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS SNDCP Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item SNDCP (Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol), TS 04.65 + \item general-purpose encapsulation for user packte data + \item intiially intended for X.25 and OSI protocols, also IP + \item today only used with IP payload + \item IP header compression, v.42bis payload compression + \item multiple streams (NSAPI) can exist over a LLC SAPI +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{GPRS Mobility Management} +\begin{itemize} + \item GMM (GPRS Mobility Management) corresponds to GSM MM + \item signalling directly on top of LLC, no SNDCP is used + \begin{itemize} + \item Routeing Area Update + \item GPRS Attach/Detach + \item Authentication (same as GSM A3/A8) + \item P-TMSI reallocation + \item Identification Procedure + \item SMS delivery via GPRS + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Example GRPS MM Procedure} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=65mm]{gprs_ra_upd.png} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{GPRS Session Management} +\begin{itemize} + \item SM (Session Management) maintains tunnels to external +packet data networks + \item each session is called a PDP Context + \item multiple PDP contexts can be active at any point in time + \item Address of tunnel broker (GGSN) called APN (access point name) + \item SSGN uses (private) DNS zones for resolving GGSN IP based on APN + \item SGSN maintains state, but actual establishment is handled via GTP-C by the GGSN + \item each PDP context has its APN, QoS, IPv4/IPv6 address, etc. +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Example GRPS SM Procedure} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=85mm]{gprs_pdp_ctx_act.png} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{Core Network Protocols} + +\begin{frame}{GTP Protocol between SGSN and GGSN} +\begin{itemize} + \item GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol), TS 29.060 + \item the only protocol specified over IP right from the beginning + \item GGSN can be an IP-only device, no SS7/SIGTRAN/E1/FR required + \item GTP-C for tunnel setup/teardown (SM procedures) + \item GTP-U for encapsulating actual user data + \item no authentication/encryption, intended to be used in private intra or inter-operator links only +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + + +\section{UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA} + +\subsection{UMTS Protocol Overview} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS PS Intro} +\begin{itemize} + \item Higher layers (GMM, SM) re-used from GPRS + \item SGSN and GGSN functional entities remain almost unchanged + \item Large differences in SGSN-RAN communication (RANAP instead of BSSGP/NS) + \item Anything below RANAP again quite different from GPRS +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS Network Architecture} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=90mm]{UMTS_Network_Architecture.pdf} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS Control Plane Stacking} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=110mm]{umts_ps_control.pdf} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS User Plane Stacking} +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=110mm]{umts_ps_user.pdf} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS RLC/MAC Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item MAC specified in TS 25.321 + \item RLC specified in TS 25.322 + \item not in any formal syntax (uncommon in UMTS!) + \item RLC level implements encryption, segmentation, retransmission +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS RRC Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item RRC specified in TS 25.331 + \item completely new protocol, unlike GSM/GRPS RR + \item formally specified in ASN.1, uses PER + \begin{itemize} + \item measurement control + \item ciphering control + \item paging + \item radio bearer management + \item SYS\_INFO broadcast + \item integrity check + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS PDCP Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item PDCP specified in TS 25.323 + \item corresponds to functionality of SNDCP in GPRS + \item handles user data payload and header compression + \item utilizes RFC 3095 (ROHC) and RFC 2507 (IP Hdr Comp) + \item between User IP and RLC +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\subsection{UMTS network internal protocols} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS RANAP Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Part), TS 25.413 + \item signalling between SGSN and RAN (RNC) + \item formally specified in ASN.1, uses PER encoding + \item never visible to the user, only in back-haul network + \item Vodafone UK / Alcatel-Lucent Femtocells use RANAP! +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{UMTS NBAP Layer} +\begin{itemize} + \item NBAP (NodeB Application Part), TS 25.443 + \item signalling between RNC and NodeB inside RAN + \item formally specified in ASN.1 + \item never visible to the user, only in back-haul network + \item is what you need to implment first to drive UMTS NodeBs from eBay ;) +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{UMTS GTP Layer between SGSN and GGSN} +\begin{itemize} + \item exactly the same as for GPRS + \item some new/extended information elements for e.g. 3G QoS + \item GGSN doesn't need to change between 2G and 3G networks +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{HSPA+ related changes} +\begin{itemize} + \item SGSNs have become a bottleneck in modern data-driven cellular networks + \item SGSNs can be bought up to 40Gbps throughput, but most are smaller + \item think of 20,000 cells, each 3 sectors with 20Mbps+ each... + \item HSPA+ eNodeB contains small SGSN internally, user data directly passed to GGSN + \item this means segmentation, compression and encryption is no longer on a centralized node but done on the edge of the network +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Thanks} +Thanks for your attention. I hope we have time for Q\&A. +\end{frame} + + +\end{document} diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.pdf b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dbd26e Binary files /dev/null and b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.pdf differ diff --git a/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.svg b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8622512 --- /dev/null +++ b/2011/cell_prot_int-ccc2011/gprs_control_stack.svg @@ -0,0 +1,1341 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + MAC + RLC + LLC + + LLC + + E1 + + + + + PhysicalLayer + + + + + + + Um + A-bis + Gb + Gc + MS + BTS+CCU + BSC+PCU + SGSN + GPRS Control Plane + + + FrameRelay + NS + + BSSGP + + + E1 + + PhysicalLayer + TRAUFraming + + + 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