From fca59bea770346cf1c1f9b0e00cb48a61b44a8f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
Date: Sun, 25 Oct 2015 21:00:20 +0100
Subject: import of old now defunct presentation slides svn repo

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+% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/solutions/conference-talks/conference-ornate-20min.en.tex,v 1.7 2007/01/28 20:48:23 tantau Exp $
+
+\documentclass{beamer}
+
+\usepackage{url}
+\makeatletter
+\def\url@leostyle{%
+  \@ifundefined{selectfont}{\def\UrlFont{\sf}}{\def\UrlFont{\tiny\ttfamily}}}
+\makeatother
+%% Now actually use the newly defined style.
+\urlstyle{leo}
+
+
+% This file is a solution template for:
+
+% - Talk at a conference/colloquium.
+% - Talk length is about 20min.
+% - Style is ornate.
+
+
+
+% Copyright 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>.
+%
+% In principle, this file can be redistributed and/or modified under
+% the terms of the GNU Public License, version 2.
+%
+% However, this file is supposed to be a template to be modified
+% for your own needs. For this reason, if you use this file as a
+% template and not specifically distribute it as part of a another
+% package/program, I grant the extra permission to freely copy and
+% modify this file as you see fit and even to delete this copyright
+% notice. 
+
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+  \usetheme{Warsaw}
+  % or ...
+
+  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+  % or whatever (possibly just delete it)
+}
+
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+% or whatever
+
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+% or whatever
+
+\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+% Or whatever. Note that the encoding and the font should match. If T1
+% does not look nice, try deleting the line with the fontenc.
+
+
+\title{osmocom.org - FOSS for mobile comms}
+
+\subtitle
+{community based Free / Open Source Software for communications}
+
+\author{Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>}
+
+\institute
+{gnumonks.org\\hmw-consulting.de\\sysmocom GmbH}
+% - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations.
+% - Keep it simple, no one is interested in your street address.
+
+\date[] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
+{October 13, OSDC.fr / Paris}
+% - Either use conference name or its abbreviation.
+% - Not really informative to the audience, more for people (including
+%   yourself) who are reading the slides online
+
+\subject{Communications}
+% This is only inserted into the PDF information catalog. Can be left
+% out. 
+
+
+
+% If you have a file called "university-logo-filename.xxx", where xxx
+% is a graphic format that can be processed by latex or pdflatex,
+% resp., then you can add a logo as follows:
+
+% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{university-logo}{university-logo-filename}
+% \logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}}
+
+
+
+% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at
+% the beginning of each subsection:
+%\AtBeginSubsection[]
+%{
+%  \begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
+%    \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
+%  \end{frame}
+%}
+
+
+% If you wish to uncover everything in a step-wise fashion, uncomment
+% the following command: 
+
+%\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+  \titlepage
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Outline}
+  \tableofcontents[hideallsubsections]
+  % You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% Structuring a talk is a difficult task and the following structure
+% may not be suitable. Here are some rules that apply for this
+% solution: 
+
+% - Exactly two or three sections (other than the summary).
+% - At *most* three subsections per section.
+% - Talk about 30s to 2min per frame. So there should be between about
+%   15 and 30 frames, all told.
+
+% - A conference audience is likely to know very little of what you
+%   are going to talk about. So *simplify*!
+% - In a 20min talk, getting the main ideas across is hard
+%   enough. Leave out details, even if it means being less precise than
+%   you think necessary.
+% - If you omit details that are vital to the proof/implementation,
+%   just say so once. Everybody will be happy with that.
+
+\begin{frame}{About the speaker}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Using + toying with Linux since 1994
+	\item Kernel / bootloader / driver / firmware development since 1999
+	\item IT security expert, focus on network protocol security
+	\item Former core developer of Linux packet filter netfilter/iptables
+	\item Board-level Electrical Engineering
+	\item Always looking for interesting protocols (RFID, DECT, GSM)
+	\item OpenEXZ, OpenPCD, Openmoko, OpenBSC, OsmocomBB, OsmoSGSN
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Researching communications systems}
+
+\subsection{The Rolle of FOSS}
+
+\begin{frame}{Research in TCP/IP/Ethernet}
+Assume you want to do some research in the TCP/IP/Ethernet
+communications area,
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item you use off-the-shelf hardware (x86, Ethernet card)
+	\item you start with the Linux / *BSD stack
+	\item you add the instrumentation you need
+	\item you make your proposed modifications
+	\item you do some testing
+	\item you write your paper and publish the results
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Research in (mobile) communications}
+Assume it is before 2009 (before Osmocom) and you want to do some research in mobile comms
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item there is no FOSS implementation of any of the protocols or
+		functional entities
+	\item almost no university has a test lab with the required
+		equipment.  And if they do, it is black boxes that you
+		cannot modify according to your research requirements
+	\item you turn away at that point, or you cannot work on really
+		exciting stuff
+	\item only chance is to partner with commercial company, who
+		puts you under NDAs and who wants to profit from your
+		research
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{GSM/3G vs. Internet}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Observation
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Both GSM/3G and TCP/IP protocol specs are publicly available
+		\item The Internet protocol stack (Ethernet/Wifi/TCP/IP) receives lots of scrutiny
+		\item GSM networks are as widely deployed as the Internet
+		\item Yet, GSM/3G protocols receive no such scrutiny!
+	\end{itemize}
+	\item There are reasons for that:
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item GSM industry is extremely closed (and closed-minded)
+		\item Only about 4 closed-source protocol stack implementations
+		\item GSM chipset makers never release any hardware documentation
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{The closed GSM industry}
+
+\begin{frame}{The closed GSM industry}{Handset manufacturing side}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Only very few companies build GSM/3.5G baseband chips today
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Those companies buy the operating system kernel and the protocol stack from third parties
+	\end{itemize}
+	\item Only very few handset makers are large enough to become a customer
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Even they only get limited access to hardware documentation
+		\item Even they never really get access to the firmware source
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{The closed GSM industry}{Network manufacturing side}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Only very few companies build GSM network equipment
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Basically only Ericsson, Nokia-Siemens, Alcatel-Lucent and Huawei
+		\item Exception: Small equipment manufacturers for picocell / nanocell / femtocells / measurement devices and law enforcement equipment
+	\end{itemize}
+	\item Only operators buy equipment from them
+	\item Since the quantities are low, the prices are extremely high
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item e.g. for a BTS, easily 10-40k EUR
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{The closed GSM industry}{Operator side}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Operators are mainly banks today
+	\item Typical operator outsources
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Network planning / deployment / servicing
+		\item Even Billing!
+	\end{itemize}
+	\item Operator just knows the closed equipment as shipped by manufacturer
+	\item Very few people at an operator have knowledge of the protocol beyond what's needed for operations and maintenance
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{GSM is more than phone calls}
+Listening to phone calls is boring...
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item BMW can unlock/open your car via GSM
+		\item Alarm systems often report via GSM
+		\item Smart Metering (Utility companies)
+		\item GSM-R / European Train Control System
+		\item Vending machines report that their cash box is full
+		\item Control if wind-mills supply power into the grid
+		\item Transaction numbers for electronic banking
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Security implications}
+
+\begin{frame}{The closed GSM industry}{Security implications}
+The security implications of the closed GSM industry are:
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Almost no people who have detailed technical knowledge outside the protocol stack or GSM network equipment manufacturers
+	\item No independent research on protocol-level security
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item If there's security research at all, then only theoretical (like the A5/2 and A5/1 cryptanalysis)
+		\item Or on application level (e.g. mobile malware)
+	\end{itemize}
+	\item No open source protocol implementations
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item which are key for making more people learn about the protocols
+		\item which enable quick prototyping/testing by modifying existing code
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{The closed GSM industry}{My self-proclaimed mission}
+Mission: Bring TCP/IP/Internet security knowledge to GSM
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Create tools to enable independent/public IT Security community to examine GSM
+	\item Try to close the estimated 10 year gap between the state of security technology on the Internet vs. GSM networks
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Industry thinks in terms of {\em walled garden} and {\em phones behaving like specified}
+		\item No proper incident response strategies!
+		\item No packet filters, firewalls, intrusion detection on GSM protocol level
+		\item General public assumes GSM networks are safer than Internet
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Bootstrapping Osmocom}
+
+\begin{frame}
+To actually do research on GSM, we need
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item detailed knowledge on the architecture and protocol stack
+	\item suitable hardware (there's no PHY/MAC only device like
+		Ethernet MAC)
+	\item a Free / Open Source Software implementation of at least
+		parts of the protocol stack
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Bootstrapping GSM Research}{How would you get started?}
+If you were to start with GSM protocol level security analysis, where and
+how would you start?
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item On the handset side?
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Difficult since GSM firmware and protocol stacks are closed and proprietary
+		\item Even if you want to write your own protocol stack, the layer 1 hardware and signal processing is closed and undocumented, too
+		\item Publicly known attempts
+		\begin{itemize}
+			\item The TSM30 project as part of the THC GSM project
+			\item mados, an alternative OS for Nokia DTC3 phones
+		\end{itemize}
+		\item none of those projects successful so far
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Bootstrapping GSM research}{How would you get started?}
+If you were to start with GSM protocol level security analysis, where and
+how would you start?
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item On the network side?
+	\begin{itemize}
+		\item Difficult since equipment is not easily available and normally extremely expensive
+		\item However, network is very modular and has many standardized/documented interfaces
+		\item Thus, if BTS equipment is available, much easier/faster progress
+	\end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Bootstrapping GSM research}{The bootstrapping process}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Read GSM specs (> 1000 PDF documents, each hundreds of pages)
+	\item Gradually grow knowledge about the protocols
+	\item Obtain actual GSM network equipment (BTS)
+	\item Try to get actual protocol traces as examples
+	\item Start a complete protocol stack implementation from scratch
+	\item Finally, go and play with GSM protocol security
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{The Osmocom project}
+
+\begin{frame}{Osmocom / osmocom.org}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Osmocom == Open Soruce Mobile Communications
+	\item Classic collaborative, community-driven FOSS project
+	\item Gathers creative people who want to explore this
+		industry-dominated closed mobile communications world
+	\item communication via mailing lists, IRC
+	\item soure code in git, information in trac/wiki
+	\item http://osmocom.org/
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Osmocom sub-projects}
+
+\begin{frame}{OpenBSC}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item first Osmocom project
+	\item Implements GSM A-bis interface towards BTS
+	\item Supports Siemens, ip.access, Ericsson, Nokia and sysmocom BTS
+	\item can implement only BSC function (osmo-bsc) or a fully
+		autonomous self-contained GSM network (osmo-nitb) that
+		requires no external MSC/VLR/AUC/HLR/EIR
+	\item deployed in > 200 installations world-wide, commercial and
+		research
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OpenBSC test installation}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=60mm]{bts_tree_full.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmoSGSN / OpenGGSN}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item extends the OpenBSC based network from GSM to GPRS/EDGE by
+		implementing the classic SGSN and GGSN functional
+		entities
+	\item OpenGGSN existed already, but was abandoned by original
+		author
+	\item Works only with BTSs that provides Gb interface, like
+		ip.access nanoBTS
+	\item Suitable for research only, not production ready
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmocomBB}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Full baseband processor firmware implementation of a mobile phone (MS)
+	\item We re-use existing phone hardware and re-wrote the L1, L2,
+		L3 and higher level logic
+	\item Higher layers reuse code from OpenBSC wherever possible
+	\item Used in a number of universities and other research contexts
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=50mm]{c123_pcb.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmocomTETRA}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item SDR implementation of a TETRA radio-modem (PHY/MAC)
+	\item Rx is fully implemented, Tx only partial
+	\item Can be used for air interface interception
+	\item Accompanied by wireshark dissectors for the TETRA protocol
+		stack
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmocomGMR}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item ETSI GMR (Geo Mobile Radio) is "GSM for satellites"
+	\item GMR-1 used by Thuraya satellite network
+	\item OsmocomGMR implements SDR based radiomodem + PHY/MAC (Rx)
+	\item Partial wireshark dissectors for the protocol stack
+	\item Reverse engineered implementation of GMR-A5 crypto
+	\item Speech codec is proprietary, still needs reverse engineering
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmocomDECT}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item ETSI DECT (Digital European Cordless Telephony) is used in
+		millions of cordless phones
+	\item deDECTed.org project started with open source protocol
+		analyzers and demonstrated many vulnerabilities
+	\item OsmocomDECT is an implementation of the DECT hardware
+		drivers and protocols for the Linux kernel
+	\item Integrates with Asterisk
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmocomOP25}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item APCO25 is Professional PMR system used in the US
+	\item Can be compared to TETRA in Europe
+	\item OsmocomOP25 is again SDR receiver + protocol analyzer
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmoSDR}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item small, low-power / low-cost USB SDR hardware
+	\item higher bandwidth than FunCubeDonglePro
+	\item much lower cost than USRP
+	\item Open Hardware
+	\item Board available to developers only (Firmware not finished)
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=70mm]{osmosdr.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmocomSIMTRACE}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Hardware protocol tracer for SIM - phone interface
+	\item Wireshark protocol dissector for SIM-ME protocol (TS 11.11)
+	\item Can be used for SIM Application development / analysis
+	\item Also capable of SIM card emulation and man-in-the-middle attacks
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=60mm]{simtrace_and_phone.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{osmo-e1-xcvr}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Open hardware project for interfacing E1 lines with
+		microcontrollers
+	\item So far no software/firmware yet, stay tuned!
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=60mm]{osmo-e1-xcvr.jpg}
+\end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{osmo-bts-amp}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Open hardware project for a 2W PA, LNA and ceramic
+		duplexer to amplify small BTSs like ip.access nanoBTS
+	\item 2W may sound little, but from 200mW it's a factor of 10
+	\item Still much less than a regular macro cell, but more than a
+		picocell for indoor coverage
+	\item Scheamtics and Gerber files for the hardware available openly
+	\item small and compact form factor compared to large/bulky cavity duplexers
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmoCOS}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Smartcards such as SIM/USIM cards, but actually any type
+		of chip/smartcards you can normally buy are proprietary
+		and closed, as chip makers never release manuals
+	\item Even if you write your own Card Operating System (COS),
+		normally you would have to put it in mask ROM, requiring
+		six or seven digit quantities as it basically would be
+		your own version of the silicon.
+	\item Thus, so far, all Smart Cards (even the OpenPGP Smart
+		Card) run proprietary software inside
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{OsmoCOS}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item We found a Chinese smarcard chip maker (ChipCity) that
+		provided the programming manual to their chip without
+		NDA.  It has no ROM, but 256 kByte Flash and a known
+		ARM7TDMI core.
+	\item We started to write some low-level code like hardware
+		drivers and can now work on our own Card Operating
+		System
+	\item Progress is slow, due to many other projects and few
+		contributors
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{osmo\_ss7, osmo\_map, signerl}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Erlang-language SS7 implementation (MTP3, SCCP, TCAP, MAP)
+	\item Sigtran variants (M2PA, M2UA, M3UA and SUA)
+	\item Enables us to interface with GSM/UMTS inter-operator core network
+	\item Already used in production in some really nasty
+		special-purpose protocol translators (think of NAT for
+		SS7)
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Non-osmocom projects}
+
+\begin{frame}{The OpenBTS Um - SIP bridge}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item OpenBTS is a SDR implementation of GSM Um radio interface
+	\item directly bridges to SIP/RTP, no A-bis/BSC/A/MSC
+	\item suitable for research on air interface, but very different
+		from traditional GSM networks
+	\item work is being done to make it interoperable with OpenBSC
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{airprobe.org}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item SDR implementation of Um sniffer
+	\item suitable for receiving GSM Um downlink and uplink
+	\item predates all of the other projects
+	\item more or less abandoned at this point
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{sysmocom GmbH}{systems for mobile communications}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item small company, started by two Osmocom developers in Berlin
+	\item provides commercial R\&d and support for professional
+		users of Osmocom software
+	\item develops its own producst like sysmoBTS (inexpensive,
+		small-form-factor, OpenBSC compatible BTS)
+	\item runs a small webshop for Osmocom related hardware like
+		OsmocomBB compatible phones, SIMtrace, etc.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\subsection{Future projects}
+
+\begin{frame}{Where do we go from here?}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Dieter Spaar has been working with 3G NodeBs (Ericsson,
+		Nokia) to be able to run our own RNC
+	\item Research into intercepting microwave back-haul links
+	\item Research into GPS simulation / transmission / faking
+	\item Port of OsmocomBB to other baseband chips
+	\item Low-level control from Free Software on a 3G/3.5G phone
+	\item Re-using femtocells in creative ways
+	\item Proprietary PMR systems
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Call for contributions}
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Don't you agree that classic Internet/TCP/IP is boring and
+		has been researched to death?
+	\item There are many more communications systems out there
+	\item Never trust the industry, they only care about selling
+		their stuff
+	\item Lets democratize access to those communication systems
+	\item Become a contributor or developer today!
+	\item Join our mailing lists, use/improve our code
+	\item for OsmocomBB you only need a EUR 20 phone to start
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Thanks}
+I'd like to thank the many Osmocom developers and contributors,
+especially
+\begin{itemize}
+	\item Dieter Spaar
+	\item Holger Freyther
+	\item Andreas Eversberg
+	\item Sylvain Munaut
+	\item On-Waves e.h.f
+	\item NETZING AG
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Thanks}
+Thanks for your attention.  I hope we have time for Q\&A.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\end{document}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3

