From a0ab9dea57b6a6b17bd6bf0c2edd6d3d732a8f32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Harald Welte Date: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 12:47:20 +0100 Subject: initial checkin of 34c3 talk on BBSs --- 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile | 4 + .../bbs_early_internet.adoc | 346 ++ .../bbs_early_internet.html | 5068 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/Modems.jpg | Bin 0 -> 100420 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/Nouveau.png | Bin 0 -> 13112 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/Synchronet.png | Bin 0 -> 6630 bytes .../images/accoustic_coupler.jpg | Bin 0 -> 221728 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/ascend.jpg | Bin 0 -> 182460 bytes .../images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg | 1129 +++++ .../images/dosbox-telemate-login.png | Bin 0 -> 27428 bytes .../images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png | Bin 0 -> 698139 bytes .../images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg | Bin 0 -> 84717 bytes .../images/hub-fue-04_Lg.jpg | Bin 0 -> 87081 bytes .../images/hub-fue-05_Lg.jpg | Bin 0 -> 81742 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/image22.gif | Bin 0 -> 10588 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/isdn.jpg | Bin 0 -> 53082 bytes .../images/knf-leased_lines.dot | 32 + 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg | Bin 0 -> 157340 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg | Bin 0 -> 58141 bytes 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/xpmenu.gif | Bin 0 -> 41942 bytes 20 files changed, 6579 insertions(+) create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/Modems.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/Nouveau.png create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/Synchronet.png create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/accoustic_coupler.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/ascend.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/dosbox-telemate-login.png create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-04_Lg.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-05_Lg.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/image22.gif create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/isdn.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/knf-leased_lines.dot create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg create mode 100644 2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/xpmenu.gif (limited to '2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3') diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b460df --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +all: bbs_early_internet.html + +bbs_early_internet.html: bbs_early_internet.adoc bbs_early_internet.css images/* + asciidoc -a stylesheet=$(PWD)/bbs_early_internet.css bbs_early_internet.adoc diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a027eb --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ +BBSs and Early Internet Access in Germany +========================================= +:author: Harald Welte +:copyright: 2017 by Harald Welte (License: CC-BY-SA) +:backend: slidy +:max-width: 45em + + +== Circuit Switched Telephony + +* Telephony from 1876 until ~ 1988 +* Analog voice circuit 300-3000 Hz +* Dial-up connection between A and B party +* Copper wires physically switched at intermediate telephone exchange +* Voice signal possibly amplified in the path + +== Hardware + +* Telephone +* Copper wire +* Telephone Exchange + +== Accoustic Coupler + +* First devices to transmit bits as audible tones over telephone +* User manually dialled phone number like voice call +* After call was established, both sides put receiver into coupler + +image:images/accoustic_coupler.jpg[width="50%"] + +== Modems + +Automatization of the accoustic coupler + +* Avoid speaker/micrphone path +* directly generate/receive tones on phone line +* directly dial the phone number / answer the line + +image:images/Modems.jpg[width="50%",float="right"] + +== Modem Speeds / Standards + +[width="50%",options="header"] +|====== +|Standard|Rate (bps)|Year created +|V.21 |300 |1962* +|V.22 |1200 |1980* +|V.22bis |2400 |1984* +|V.32 |9600 |1984* +|V.32bis |14400 |1991 +|V.32ter |19200 |1993 +|V.34 |28000 |1994 +|V.34bis |33600 |1996 +|V.90 |56000 |1998 +|====== + + +== BBSs + +What's a BBS? + +* Computer with Modem accepting incoming calls +* offering interactive service to users who dial in + +== Content + +* bulletin boards / message boards +* live chat with sysop (or other users in multi-line BBS) +* multi-user games (text based!) +* file areas / downloads +* ASCII / ANSI artwork + +image:images/dosbox-telemate-login.png[width="50%"] + +== Technology/Software + +* Both sides: Computer + Modem +* BBS Side +** BBS Software +** often extended by "doors" (external programs, think of CGI for web) +* User Side +** Terminal Program (e.g. TELIX, Telemate for DOS) + +image:images/telemate.jpg[width="50%"] + + +== The "BBS Protocol Stack" + +In the spirit of protocol stack diagrams... + +image:images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg[width="80%"] + + +== Curiosity: Vector Graphics + +* BBSs were typically all Text, mostly ANSI CP437 charset +* RIP (Remote Imaging Protocol) / RIPscrip introduced vector graphics +** RIPscrip introduced in 1992 (by TeleGrafix) +*** Commands like ``!|w00001B0M10'' to draw vector graphics over Modem +** RIPterm as terminal program for EGA (640x350) + +image:images/Nouveau.png[] + +== Isolated BBSs + +To participate in bulletin/message boards + +* Users log in at different times +* BBS is busy while a user is logged in +* Multiple modems / phone lines is one (expensive) option to scale +* Time limit per User (minutes/day) often used + +== Points / Offline Messages + +* Users don't read/write interactively during active modem call +* Messages get written offline and compressed/batched during short call + +Advantages: + +* lower cost (shorter phone calls, metered!) +* shorter connection per user +* BBS can scale to more users this way + +image:images/xpmenu.gif[width="60%"] + +== BBS networks (store + forward) + +Idea: Replicate bulletin / message boards between independent BBSs, for + +* scalability in number of users +* scalability in geographic scope +** most users will prefer least-expensive local calls to long-distance +* efficient transport over long distance due to routing/forwarding of compressed batches + +== BBS network technology (examples) + +* FIDO (Netmail + Echomail) +** Othernets like TrekNet, GerNet using same FTN technology +* Z-Netz (Mail + News) +** T-Netz, CL-Netz +* UUCP (Usenet Mail + News) +** Often only way to access "Internet" before IP access was available +* MausNet - Münster Apple User Service +** used by up to 120 BBSs in DE / AT / CH + +== Example: FIDOnet + +* Starts in 1984 with two BBSs +* Initial limit of 250 nodes reached in 1985 +* Hierarchic, Regoinal routing/Adressing introduced in 1986 +** Nodelist defines all nodes of the network + hierarchy +* Addresses like "Harald Welte @ 2:2490/1343" +* Up to 39,000 nodes in 1996, estimated 2 Million users world-wide + +== Example: Z-Netz + +* Started as Zerberus-Netz implemented in Zerberus Software +* Later renamed to Z-Netz as the ZConnect protocol was implemented in other software +** Standards defined based on perceived complexity of RFCs and Usenet/UUCP +* CrossPoint (DOS) most popular point software for ZConnect +* Addresses like H.WELTE@SILVER, later H.WELTE@SILVER.zer + +== Example: UseNet + +* Established in 1980 in the US +* Uses UUCP (Unix-to-Unix-Copy) as transport mechanism over Modmes +** UUCP was created in the 1970ies and used to copy files, including Internet Mal +* Usenet News format (RFC850) designed very similar to Internet Mail (RFC822) +* Hierarchy of News Groups that gets replicated / flooded accross the network +* Routing defined in route maps + +== Curiosity: Floppy Poll/Point + +* Not everyone had a phone line in the 1990ies +** particularly Eastern Germany had big lack of phone lines +* Some people thus exchanged daily floppies in evenlopes and mailed them as postal letters +* Messages arrived about one day later, but with 1-2 days latency even inside the dial-up store-and-forward network, it hardly matters + +image:images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png[width="30%"] + +== Internet + +Early ways to access Internet: + +* Mail/News via UUCP (as stated earlier) +* Dial-Up Modem to a TTY of a Unix machine connected to TCP/IP +** Often workstations at universities. You could then run FTP, IRC, telnet, Gopher on the test console +* ftp-mailers +** a FTP client running on a remote machine, whose input/output is used by e-mail +** you send a mail with "ftp ftp.sun.com" and "ls" +** hours or days later you get the list of files +** you respond with cd / get / ... +** hours later you get the file as batch of UUencoded mails + +== Internet with SLIP + +* if you had dial-up access to a Unix box +* you could run SLIP on both sides, transporting IP over the modem line +** IP. At home. In your apartment !!1! +* later superseded by PPP (auto-configuration, authentication, compression, ...) + + +== ISDN + +* Digital Circuit-Switched Telephony Network +** Transport of Digital Voice (PCM) audio and transparent digital data +* Germany +** 1989 put in operation +** Until 1993 German 1TR6 system +** From 1994 European E-DSS1 +** Hugely popularized from 1995 by subsidies + +== ISDN Terminal Adapter + +* ISDN is an all-digital network +* No modulator / demodulator required +* Instead, so-called _terminal adapter_ +* Speeds: 64000 (single B-channel) or 128000 (both B-channels) +* V.110 as adaptation to do async serial over sync ISDN (1988) + +image:images/isdn.jpg[width="50%"] + +== How to get Internet Access? + +* Hard to access in early/mid 1990ies outside of academia +* Almost no commercial ISPs (XLink, EUnet) - and very expensive +* Grass-Roots groups of enthusiasts established themselves +* Kommunikationsnetz Franken e.V. (KNF, franken.de) one of them +** dial-up UUCP and shortly later IP for personal, non-commercial users +** POPs in Nürnberg, Fürth, Erlangen, Forchheim, Würzburg, Regensburg, ... +** Every user got 6 static IP addresses routed to wherever he dialed in (OSPF!) +** served ~ 800 users / members at peak + +== Individual Network (IN) e.V. + +* Umbrella Association established in 1992 +** Goal to help regional member associations with negotiating framework contracts +** Actual technical access via WiN/DFN, XLink, EUnet +** Regional Member Associations include Oche, Augusta, Escape, IN-Berlin, Hanse, INKA, Toppoint, muc.de, IN-Passau, ThurNet, MAUS, CL-Net and many more +** IN members served more than 300,000 users at one point +** Dissolved in 2000, when +*** commercial ISPs were widespread, and +*** remaining IN member organizations could get decend connectivity with IN e.V. + +== Internet + +With packet-switched TCP-IP + +* you just needed to dial one number +* and then access systems world-wide + +This brought new purpose to leased lines + +== Analog Leased Lines + +* Telephone operator permanently interconnects wires at exchange +* No signaling (dialtone/ringtone etc) +* Requires modems with special capabilities +** ATA without an incoming ring first +** ATD without a dialtone first +* In Germany: "Analog G" of Post/Telekom +** I finally could afford one in 1998 +** 900 DM installation cost +* 180 DM per month (60 DM per hop) + +== hub-nbg.franken.de, 1998 + +image:images/pict3_Lg.jpg[] + + +== ISDN Leased Lines "SPV" + +* Not really a leased line +* Basically only "flat rate calls" to one specific (fixed) destination +* Available in national 1TR6 only + +== Abusing Analog Lines, Part 1 + +* ICU-T +** inverse of ISDN NTBA +** ISDN BRI (2x64k + 16k) over 12km of telephone line +* Special ISDN routers without signaling to use even 16k D-channel for data! + +Easy upgrade to get performance of a leased ISDN line out of an Analog-G + +== Leased Lines at KNF, 1997/1998 + +[graphviz] +---- +include::images/knf-leased_lines.dot[] +---- + +== hub-fue.franken.de, undated + +image:images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg[] + +== hub-fue.franken.de, undated + +image:images/hub-fue-04_Lg.jpg[] + +== Abusing Analog Lines, Part 2 + +When the first DSL modems became availale in the US + +* we imported some Ascend DSLpipe +* with some fimrwares, they could be used back-to-back (without DSLAM) +* suddenly we could get speeds of 2.3 MBps over analog lines +** if they were not too long +** if they didn't have in-line inductors +* soon less expensive alternatives came up Pairgain (2000) + +image:images/ascend.jpg[width="50%"] + +== From Online Bistro to Internet Cafe + +* Falken's Maze was an _Online Bistro_ established in the 1990ies +** I became a regular around 1994 +* initially had four DOS PCs, each with a Modem, dedicated phone line and a call charge meter +** you could go there, eat + drink and use the PCs to log into BBSs +* quickly became preferred meeting point of various nerds, BBS users, SYSOP meetings, etc. +* PCs were networked with 10base2 and NetWare (DOOM!) +* people started to dial into CompuServe, AOL, etc. +* Internet became more popular, Falken's Maze started subsidiary in Nuernberg +** ISDN SPV was used as Internet uplink + + +== Conclusions + +* The first decade[s] of wide-area electronics communications was powered by a community of enthusiasts +* BBS community / culture is a distinct sub-culture. Different norms than HAM radio, Hackers, Free Software, but lots of overlap + + +== Further Reading + +* http://telnetbbsguide.com/ +** list of active telnet BBSs +* http://qodem.sourceforge.net/ +** FOSS multi-platform terminal program +* http://artscene.textfiles.com/ansi/ +** Archive of ANSI Artwork +* http://www.filegate.net/nodelist/ +** FIDO nodelist of 2017 + +== EOF + +End of File diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bacb74e --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html @@ -0,0 +1,5068 @@ + + + + +BBSs and Early Internet Access in Germany + + + + + + + + +
+

Circuit Switched Telephony

+
+
    +
  • + +Telephony from 1876 until ~ 1988 + +
  • +
  • + +Analog voice circuit 300-3000 Hz + +
  • +
  • + +Dial-up connection between A and B party + +
  • +
  • + +Copper wires physically switched at intermediate telephone exchange + +
  • +
  • + +Voice signal possibly amplified in the path + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Hardware

+
+
    +
  • + +Telephone + +
  • +
  • + +Copper wire + +
  • +
  • + +Telephone Exchange + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Accoustic Coupler

+
+
    +
  • + +First devices to transmit bits as audible tones over telephone + +
  • +
  • + +User manually dialled phone number like voice call + +
  • +
  • + +After call was established, both sides put receiver into coupler + +
  • +
+

+images/accoustic_coupler.jpg +

+
+
+
+

Modems

+
+

Automatization of the accoustic coupler

+
    +
  • + +Avoid speaker/micrphone path + +
  • +
  • + +directly generate/receive tones on phone line + +
  • +
  • + +directly dial the phone number / answer the line + +
  • +
+

+images/Modems.jpg +

+
+
+
+

Modem Speeds / Standards

+
+
+ ++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
StandardRate (bps)Year created

V.21

300

1962*

V.22

1200

1980*

V.22bis

2400

1984*

V.32

9600

1984*

V.32bis

14400

1991

V.32ter

19200

1993

V.34

28000

1994

V.34bis

33600

1996

V.90

56000

1998

+
+
+
+
+

BBSs

+
+

What’s a BBS?

+
    +
  • + +Computer with Modem accepting incoming calls + +
  • +
  • + +offering interactive service to users who dial in + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Content

+
+
    +
  • + +bulletin boards / message boards + +
  • +
  • + +live chat with sysop (or other users in multi-line BBS) + +
  • +
  • + +multi-user games (text based!) + +
  • +
  • + +file areas / downloads + +
  • +
  • + +ASCII / ANSI artwork + +
  • +
+

+images/dosbox-telemate-login.png +

+
+
+
+

Technology/Software

+
+
    +
  • + +Both sides: Computer + Modem + +
  • +
  • + +BBS Side + +
      +
    • + +BBS Software + +
    • +
    • + +often extended by "doors" (external programs, think of CGI for web) + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +User Side + +
      +
    • + +Terminal Program (e.g. TELIX, Telemate for DOS) + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+

+images/telemate.jpg +

+
+
+
+

The "BBS Protocol Stack"

+
+

In the spirit of protocol stack diagrams…

+

+images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg +

+
+
+
+

Curiosity: Vector Graphics

+
+
    +
  • + +BBSs were typically all Text, mostly ANSI CP437 charset + +
  • +
  • + +RIP (Remote Imaging Protocol) / RIPscrip introduced vector graphics + +
      +
    • + +RIPscrip introduced in 1992 (by TeleGrafix) + +
        +
      • + +Commands like “!|w00001B0M10” to draw vector graphics over Modem + +
      • +
      +
    • +
    • + +RIPterm as terminal program for EGA (640x350) + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+

+images/Nouveau.png +

+
+
+
+

Isolated BBSs

+
+

To participate in bulletin/message boards

+
    +
  • + +Users log in at different times + +
  • +
  • + +BBS is busy while a user is logged in + +
  • +
  • + +Multiple modems / phone lines is one (expensive) option to scale + +
  • +
  • + +Time limit per User (minutes/day) often used + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Points / Offline Messages

+
+
    +
  • + +Users don’t read/write interactively during active modem call + +
  • +
  • + +Messages get written offline and compressed/batched during short call + +
  • +
+

Advantages:

+
    +
  • + +lower cost (shorter phone calls, metered!) + +
  • +
  • + +shorter connection per user + +
  • +
  • + +BBS can scale to more users this way + +
  • +
+

+images/xpmenu.gif +

+
+
+
+

BBS networks (store + forward)

+
+

Idea: Replicate bulletin / message boards between independent BBSs, for

+
    +
  • + +scalability in number of users + +
  • +
  • + +scalability in geographic scope + +
      +
    • + +most users will prefer least-expensive local calls to long-distance + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +efficient transport over long distance due to routing/forwarding of compressed batches + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

BBS network technology (examples)

+
+
    +
  • + +FIDO (Netmail + Echomail) + +
      +
    • + +Othernets like TrekNet, GerNet using same FTN technology + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +Z-Netz (Mail + News) + +
      +
    • + +T-Netz, CL-Netz + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +UUCP (Usenet Mail + News) + +
      +
    • + +Often only way to access "Internet" before IP access was available + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +MausNet - Münster Apple User Service + +
      +
    • + +used by up to 120 BBSs in DE / AT / CH + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Example: FIDOnet

+
+
    +
  • + +Starts in 1984 with two BBSs + +
  • +
  • + +Initial limit of 250 nodes reached in 1985 + +
  • +
  • + +Hierarchic, Regoinal routing/Adressing introduced in 1986 + +
      +
    • + +Nodelist defines all nodes of the network + hierarchy + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +Addresses like "Harald Welte @ 2:2490/1343" + +
  • +
  • + +Up to 39,000 nodes in 1996, estimated 2 Million users world-wide + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Example: Z-Netz

+
+
    +
  • + +Started as Zerberus-Netz implemented in Zerberus Software + +
  • +
  • + +Later renamed to Z-Netz as the ZConnect protocol was implemented in other software + +
      +
    • + +Standards defined based on perceived complexity of RFCs and Usenet/UUCP + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +CrossPoint (DOS) most popular point software for ZConnect + +
  • +
  • + +Addresses like H.WELTE@SILVER, later H.WELTE@SILVER.zer + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Example: UseNet

+
+
    +
  • + +Established in 1980 in the US + +
  • +
  • + +Uses UUCP (Unix-to-Unix-Copy) as transport mechanism over Modmes + +
      +
    • + +UUCP was created in the 1970ies and used to copy files, including Internet Mal + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +Usenet News format (RFC850) designed very similar to Internet Mail (RFC822) + +
  • +
  • + +Hierarchy of News Groups that gets replicated / flooded accross the network + +
  • +
  • + +Routing defined in route maps + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Curiosity: Floppy Poll/Point

+
+
    +
  • + +Not everyone had a phone line in the 1990ies + +
      +
    • + +particularly Eastern Germany had big lack of phone lines + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +Some people thus exchanged daily floppies in evenlopes and mailed them as postal letters + +
  • +
  • + +Messages arrived about one day later, but with 1-2 days latency even inside the dial-up store-and-forward network, it hardly matters + +
  • +
+

+images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png +

+
+
+
+

Internet

+
+

Early ways to access Internet:

+
    +
  • + +Mail/News via UUCP (as stated earlier) + +
  • +
  • + +Dial-Up Modem to a TTY of a Unix machine connected to TCP/IP + +
      +
    • + +Often workstations at universities. You could then run FTP, IRC, telnet, Gopher on the test console + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +ftp-mailers + +
      +
    • + +a FTP client running on a remote machine, whose input/output is used by e-mail + +
    • +
    • + +you send a mail with "ftp ftp.sun.com" and "ls" + +
    • +
    • + +hours or days later you get the list of files + +
    • +
    • + +you respond with cd / get / … + +
    • +
    • + +hours later you get the file as batch of UUencoded mails + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Internet with SLIP

+
+
    +
  • + +if you had dial-up access to a Unix box + +
  • +
  • + +you could run SLIP on both sides, transporting IP over the modem line + +
      +
    • + +IP. At home. In your apartment !!1! + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +later superseded by PPP (auto-configuration, authentication, compression, …) + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

ISDN

+
+
    +
  • + +Digital Circuit-Switched Telephony Network + +
      +
    • + +Transport of Digital Voice (PCM) audio and transparent digital data + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +Germany + +
      +
    • + +1989 put in operation + +
    • +
    • + +Until 1993 German 1TR6 system + +
    • +
    • + +From 1994 European E-DSS1 + +
    • +
    • + +Hugely popularized from 1995 by subsidies + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

ISDN Terminal Adapter

+
+
    +
  • + +ISDN is an all-digital network + +
  • +
  • + +No modulator / demodulator required + +
  • +
  • + +Instead, so-called terminal adapter + +
  • +
  • + +Speeds: 64000 (single B-channel) or 128000 (both B-channels) + +
  • +
  • + +V.110 as adaptation to do async serial over sync ISDN (1988) + +
  • +
+

+images/isdn.jpg +

+
+
+
+

How to get Internet Access?

+
+
    +
  • + +Hard to access in early/mid 1990ies outside of academia + +
  • +
  • + +Almost no commercial ISPs (XLink, EUnet) - and very expensive + +
  • +
  • + +Grass-Roots groups of enthusiasts established themselves + +
  • +
  • + +Kommunikationsnetz Franken e.V. (KNF, franken.de) one of them + +
      +
    • + +dial-up UUCP and shortly later IP for personal, non-commercial users + +
    • +
    • + +POPs in Nürnberg, Fürth, Erlangen, Forchheim, Würzburg, Regensburg, … + +
    • +
    • + +Every user got 6 static IP addresses routed to wherever he dialed in (OSPF!) + +
    • +
    • + +served ~ 800 users / members at peak + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Individual Network (IN) e.V.

+
+
    +
  • + +Umbrella Association established in 1992 + +
      +
    • + +Goal to help regional member associations with negotiating framework contracts + +
    • +
    • + +Actual technical access via WiN/DFN, XLink, EUnet + +
    • +
    • + +Regional Member Associations include Oche, Augusta, Escape, IN-Berlin, Hanse, INKA, Toppoint, muc.de, IN-Passau, ThurNet, MAUS, CL-Net and many more + +
    • +
    • + +IN members served more than 300,000 users at one point + +
    • +
    • + +Dissolved in 2000, when + +
        +
      • + +commercial ISPs were widespread, and + +
      • +
      • + +remaining IN member organizations could get decend connectivity with IN e.V. + +
      • +
      +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Internet

+
+

With packet-switched TCP-IP

+
    +
  • + +you just needed to dial one number + +
  • +
  • + +and then access systems world-wide + +
  • +
+

This brought new purpose to leased lines

+
+
+
+

Analog Leased Lines

+
+
    +
  • + +Telephone operator permanently interconnects wires at exchange + +
  • +
  • + +No signaling (dialtone/ringtone etc) + +
  • +
  • + +Requires modems with special capabilities + +
      +
    • + +ATA without an incoming ring first + +
    • +
    • + +ATD without a dialtone first + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +In Germany: "Analog G" of Post/Telekom + +
      +
    • + +I finally could afford one in 1998 + +
    • +
    • + +900 DM installation cost + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +180 DM per month (60 DM per hop) + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

hub-nbg.franken.de, 1998

+
+

+images/pict3_Lg.jpg +

+
+
+
+

ISDN Leased Lines "SPV"

+
+
    +
  • + +Not really a leased line + +
  • +
  • + +Basically only "flat rate calls" to one specific (fixed) destination + +
  • +
  • + +Available in national 1TR6 only + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Abusing Analog Lines, Part 1

+
+
    +
  • + +ICU-T + +
      +
    • + +inverse of ISDN NTBA + +
    • +
    • + +ISDN BRI (2x64k + 16k) over 12km of telephone line + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +Special ISDN routers without signaling to use even 16k D-channel for data! + +
  • +
+

Easy upgrade to get performance of a leased ISDN line out of an Analog-G

+
+
+
+

Leased Lines at KNF, 1997/1998

+
+
+
+bbs_early_internet__1.png +
+
+
+
+
+

hub-fue.franken.de, undated

+
+

+images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg +

+
+
+
+

Abusing Analog Lines, Part 2

+
+

When the first DSL modems became availale in the US

+
    +
  • + +we imported some Ascend DSLpipe + +
  • +
  • + +with some fimrwares, they could be used back-to-back (without DSLAM) + +
  • +
  • + +suddenly we could get speeds of 2.3 MBps over analog lines + +
      +
    • + +if they were not too long + +
    • +
    • + +if they didn’t have in-line inductors + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +soon less expensive alternatives came up Pairgain (2000) + +
  • +
+

+images/ascend.jpg +

+
+
+
+

From Online Bistro to Internet Cafe

+
+
    +
  • + +Falken’s Maze was an Online Bistro established in the 1990ies + +
      +
    • + +I became a regular around 1994 + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +initially had four DOS PCs, each with a Modem, dedicated phone line and a call charge meter + +
      +
    • + +you could go there, eat + drink and use the PCs to log into BBSs + +
    • +
    +
  • +
  • + +quickly became preferred meeting point of various nerds, BBS users, SYSOP meetings, etc. + +
  • +
  • + +PCs were networked with 10base2 and NetWare (DOOM!) + +
  • +
  • + +people started to dial into CompuServe, AOL, etc. + +
  • +
  • + +Internet became more popluar, Falken’s Maze started subsidiary in Nuernberg + +
      +
    • + +ISDN SPV was used as Intenret uplink + +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Further Reading

+
+ +
+
+
+

EOF

+
+

End of File

+
+
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+ + + + + + + diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/dosbox-telemate-login.png b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/dosbox-telemate-login.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b272b05 Binary files /dev/null and b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/dosbox-telemate-login.png differ diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9685b71 Binary files /dev/null and b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png differ diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc00b4c Binary files /dev/null and b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg differ diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-04_Lg.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/hub-fue-04_Lg.jpg new file mode 100644 index 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0000000..bbfaf37 --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/knf-leased_lines.dot @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#!graphviz +digraph G { + hub_er [label="hub-er\nErlangen", shape="box"] + hub_fo [label="hub-fo\nForchheim", shape="box"] + hub_fue [label="hub-fue\nFuerth", shape="box"] + hub_lau [label="hub-lau\nLauf", shape="box"] + hub_bai [label="hub-bai\nBaiersdorf", shape="box"] + hub_nbg [label="hub-nbg\nNuernberg", shape="box"] + uni_er [label="Uni Erlangen"] + uni_nbg [label="Uni Erlangen\nBuilding in Nuernberg"] + chaplin [shape="box"] + sunbeam [label="sunbeam\n(Harald Welte)"] + + hub_er -> chaplin [label="128k"] + hub_fo -> chaplin [label="64k"] + hub_fue -> chaplin [label="64k"] + hub_lau -> chaplin [label="64k"] + hub_bai -> chaplin [label="33k6"] + chaplin -> uni_er [label="Ethernet"] + uni_nbg -> uni_er [label="X.21"] + hub_nbg -> uni_nbg [label="128k"] + + sunbeam -> hub_nbg [label="33k6"] + user1 -> hub_nbg [label="33k6"] + user2 -> hub_nbg [label="33k6"] + + user3 -> hub_fue [label="33k6"] + user4 -> hub_fue [label="33k6"] + + user5 -> hub_er [label="33k6"] + user6 -> hub_er [label="33k6"] +} diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70ffc93 Binary files /dev/null and b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg differ diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce18770 Binary files /dev/null and b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg differ diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/xpmenu.gif b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/xpmenu.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..620c264 Binary files /dev/null and b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/xpmenu.gif differ -- cgit v1.2.3