From b0e4869b542657d48d6b17841e1ee39ff1a76006 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Harald Welte <laforge@osmocom.org>
Date: Fri, 9 Apr 2021 19:56:35 +0200
Subject: pySim-shell talk for OsmoDevCall

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+pySim-shell - next genreation SIM configuration tool
+====================================================
+:author:	Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
+:copyright:	2021 by Harald Welte (License: CC-BY-SA)
+:backend:	slidy
+:max-width:	45em
+
+== why program your own SIM cards?
+
+* because you want to operate  your own cellular network (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
+** whether FOSS (Osmocom CNI, srsLTE, nextepc/open5gs, free5gc, OpenBTS, yateBTS, ...)
+** but also proprietary (e.g. Amarisoft)
+* 2G can use random 3rd party cards, but it's not really convenient in most cases
+* Anything >= 3G requires you to know the card-specific secrete keys
+** in reality that translates to having your own programmable SIM cards
+
+== some smartcard terminology
+
+* card filesystem
+** *MF* (Master File): The root directory
+** *DF* (Dedicated File): A subdirectory
+** *ADF* (Application Dedicated File): Directory of an application (like USIM, ISIM)
+** *EF* (Entry File): A regulare file
+*** *Transparent EF*: An unstructured file
+*** *Linear Fixed EF*: An file consisting of fixed-length records
+
+== specs vs. proprietary
+
+* SIM cards are fully specified by a combination of ISU, ETSI and 3GPP specs
+* this covers only the operation after the card has been issued, e.g.
+** reading and writing files accessible without PIN auth, after PIN auth
+** performing GSM authentication or UMTS AKA
+* it does _not_ cover how the card is issued/provisioned
+** secret key material (Ki / K / OP / OPc) is not readable from the card
+** it is an implementation detail on how the card manufacturer writes those to the card
+* this leads to the need for card-specific support / code in software like pySim
+
+== pySim "classic"
+
+* originally developed in 2009 by Sylvain Munaut
+* Linux/FOSS tool for configuration of SuperSIM/MagicSIM
+* replicated what proprietary vendor tools did to configure IMSI, Ki, ...
+* those ultra-cheap Chinese SIM cards at the time (from the SIM card cloning days of COMP128v1) shipped with binary-only windows programs
+
+== pySim "classic" fundamentals
+
+* library code
+** _transport_ - how to exchange APDUs with card
+** _commands_ - encoding of ISO7816-4 / TS 51.011 / ETS 102 221 commands
+** _cards_ - classes implementing various different programmable SIM cards
+* executable programs
+** `pySim-prog` for card programming
+** `pySim-read` for card reading
+
+== pySim transports
+
+* transport - how to exchange APDUs with card
+** _serial_ transport for serial readers (UART Rx+Tx connected to I/O)
+** _pcsc_ transport for pcsc-lite supported readers (e.g. USB CCID)
+* some more exotic options added later on by Vadim Yanitskiy:
+** _calypso_ for using L1CTL to talk to OsmocomBB on Ti Calypso phone
+** _modem_atcmd_ for using AT+CSIM commands talking to a cellular modem
+
+== advanced pySim "classic" features
+
+* batch programming of cards, using CSV file input
+* even with ability to execute external tool for driving motorized card readers
+
+== Limitations of pySim "classic"
+
+* supports only very few files/parameters that can be programmed
+** IMSI, MSISDN, Ki and SMSP was sufficient for making classic GSM SIMs work on your own network
+** today, people want to configure VoLTE/IMS parameters, 5G SUCI stuff, etc.
+* adding more fields to pySim-classic makes it unusable: Who wants to specify 250 different fields as command line arguments?
+
+== Usability of pySim "classic"
+
+* it was designed to program a batch of cards with defaults and random keys
+* there are all kinds of 'automagic' bits happening if not all fields are specified
+* pySim at least originally assumed that you program a full card, and not that you perform incremental small changes
+* no user manual, very limited RADME and wiki instructions
+
+== the road to pySim-shell
+
+What to do about the user interface?
+
+* GUIs are bad, they are not really scriptable/automatizable
+* GUIs are hard to portable, test automatically, etc.
+* people setting up FOSS cellular programs most likely use bash/zsh/tcsh on daily basis, so they are familiar with the concept of interactive shells / CLIs
+* so let's do a CLI / shell / REPL!
+
+== pySim-shell and `cmd2`
+
+* uses `cmd2` python module for the shell
+** extremely powerful framework for building CLI/shell type interfaces
+** allows us to focus on implementing logic (like individual commands), not the shell itself
+* supports output redirection to local files
+* supports piping output through external programs ("| grep foo")
+* supports `argparse` to define commands and their options
+* allows to dynamically register and unregister commands
+* allows full control over tab completion items. 
+
+== pySim-shell UI fundamentals
+
+* some global commands for things like PIN/CHV verification, enabling, disabling, unblcoking
+* you `select` your way through the card filesystem, like 'cd' on bash/zsh/...
+** tab-completion for [known] file names
+
+.Selecting a file
+----
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM)> select EF.IMSI
+{
+    "file_descriptor": {
+        "shareable": true,
+        "file_type": "working_ef",
+        "structure": "transparent"
+    },
+    "file_identifier": "6F07",
+    "proprietary_info": {
+        "proprietary_D0": "20",
+        "proprietary_D2": "0F"
+    },
+    "life_cycle_status_int": "operational_activated",
+    "security_attrib_ref_expanded": "6F0603",
+    "file_size": 9,
+    "short_file_id": "38"
+}
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)>
+----
+
+== pySim-shell reading/writing
+
+* context-sensitive 'action' commands depend on the type of file selected
+** `read_binary`, `update_binary`, ... for transparent EF
+** `read_record`, `update_record`, ... for linear fixed EF
+
+.Reading and updating a transparent EF
+----
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)> read_binary
+089910070000400300
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)> update_binary 089910070000400301
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)> read_binary
+089910070000400301
+----
+
+== pySim-shell decoding/encoding
+
+* working with hex-encoded binary data is not very convenient
+* each specified file in the filesystem is represented by a python class
+** class can provide encoder + decoder methods to go from binary to JSON and vice-versa
+* some shell commands combine reading a file from the card + decoding / encoding
+** `read_binary_decoded`, `write_binary_decoded`, ... for transparent EF
+** `read_record_decoded`, `write_record_decoded`, ... for linear fixed EF
+
+.Reading and updating a decoded transparent EF
+----
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)> read_binary_decoded
+{
+    "imsi": "901700000043000"
+}
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)> update_binary_decoded '{"imsi": "901700000043999"}'
+pySIM-shell (MF/ADF.USIM/EF.IMSI)> read_binary_decoded
+{
+    "imsi": "901700000043999"
+}
+----
+
+== pySim-shell editing of single parameters
+
+* many files contain a lot of parameters
+* entering all of them as a single line in `update_binary_decoded` becomes rather cumbersome
+* `edit_binary_decoded` and `edit_record_decoded` to the rescue
+** reads data from the card
+** decodes it to JSON
+** spawns whatever is your favorite text editor
+** you do your editing, save + exit
+** re-encodes the modified JSON
+** writes the result to the card
+
+== pySim-shell `export`
+
+* one-shot command to iterate over all [known] files below the current DF and dump them
+* output format is structured in a way that you can use it as a pySim-shell script
+* results in easy method to backup and restore a card
+
+NOTE:: only the ETSI/3GPP standard files that are covered by pySim classes are exported.  There may be any
+number of proprietary additional files on the card.  Particularly K/OP/OPc or OTA keys are not exported this
+way
+
+== pySim-shell advanced cmd2 usage
+
+* `run_script`: execute any text file as script inside the pySim-shell
+* `run_pyscript`: execute a python script with access to all of the state / classes / methods
+* `ipy`: run an interactive IPython session
+* `py`: run an interactive python interpreter
+** `card` represents the `pySim.cards.Card` instance
+** `rs` represents the `pySim.filesystem.RuntimeState`
+
+.Using interactive python shell with access to pySim-shell state
+----
+pySIM-shell (MF)> py
+Python 3.9.2 (default, Feb 28 2021, 17:03:44)
+[GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux
+Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
+
+End with `Ctrl-D` (Unix) / `Ctrl-Z` (Windows), `quit()`, `exit()`.
+Non-Python commands can be issued with: app("your command")
+
+>>> rs.selected_file
+<pySim.filesystem.CardMF object at 0x7f97952f3070>
+>>> rs.selected_file.desc
+'Master File (directory root)'
+----
+
+
+== Other recent pySim developments
+
+* introduction of `sphinx` for generating documentation
+* adding API documentation at least for all of the *new* classes/methods that are used to build pySim-shell,
+  and which you need to extend to cover more files
+* automatic generation of pySim-shell command reference from `argparse` instances
+
+== Call for Contributions
+
+* pySim-shell is already very usable, but needs your help!
+** most files still need encoder + decoder methods to be implemented
+** we need automatic testing of encoders + decoders
+** we want JSON schema for the JSON representation of each file
+** we want to have batch programming in pySim-shell
+
+So if you know a bit of python and care about SIM cards, please send your patches!
+
+== Further Reading
+
+* https://osmocom.org/projects/pysim/wiki[pySim project page on osmocom.org]
+* https://git.osmocom.org/pysim/about/[pySim source code / git repository]
+* https://media.ccc.de/v/36c3-10737-sim_card_technology_from_a-z[Video of talk "SIM card technology from A-Z"]
+
+
+== EOF
+
+End of File
-- 
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