<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>OsmoBTS phy_link / phy_instance</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="copyright" content="Copyright &#169; Harald Welte (Liense: CC-BY-SA)" />
<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.9" />
<style type="text/css">
/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */

/* Default font. */
body {
  font-family: Georgia,serif;
}

/* Title font. */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
div.title, caption.title,
thead, p.table.header,
#toctitle,
#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
#footer {
  font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
}

body {
  margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
}

a {
  color: blue;
  text-decoration: underline;
}
a:visited {
  color: fuchsia;
}

em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: navy;
}

strong {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #083194;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  color: #527bbd;
  margin-top: 1.2em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

h1, h2, h3 {
  border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
}
h2 {
  padding-top: 0.5em;
}
h3 {
  float: left;
}
h3 + * {
  clear: left;
}
h5 {
  font-size: 1.0em;
}

div.sectionbody {
  margin-left: 0;
}

hr {
  border: 1px solid silver;
}

p {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

ul, ol, li > p {
  margin-top: 0;
}
ul > li     { color: #aaa; }
ul > li > * { color: black; }

.monospaced, code, pre {
  font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
  font-size: inherit;
  color: navy;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
pre {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}

#author {
  color: #527bbd;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}
#email {
}
#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
}

#footer {
  font-size: small;
  border-top: 2px solid silver;
  padding-top: 0.5em;
  margin-top: 4.0em;
}
#footer-text {
  float: left;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
#footer-badges {
  float: right;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}

#preamble {
  margin-top: 1.5em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
div.admonitionblock {
  margin-top: 1.0em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.admonitionblock {
  margin-top: 2.0em;
  margin-bottom: 2.0em;
  margin-right: 10%;
  color: #606060;
}

div.content { /* Block element content. */
  padding: 0;
}

/* Block element titles. */
div.title, caption.title {
  color: #527bbd;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-align: left;
  margin-top: 1.0em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
div.title + * {
  margin-top: 0;
}

td div.title:first-child {
  margin-top: 0.0em;
}
div.content div.title:first-child {
  margin-top: 0.0em;
}
div.content + div.title {
  margin-top: 0.0em;
}

div.sidebarblock > div.content {
  background: #ffffee;
  border: 1px solid #dddddd;
  border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
  padding: 0.5em;
}

div.listingblock > div.content {
  border: 1px solid #dddddd;
  border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
  background: #f8f8f8;
  padding: 0.5em;
}

div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
  padding-left: 1.0em;
  margin-left: 1.0em;
  margin-right: 10%;
  border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
  color: #888;
}

div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
  padding-top: 0.5em;
  text-align: right;
}

div.verseblock > pre.content {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: inherit;
}
div.verseblock > div.attribution {
  padding-top: 0.75em;
  text-align: left;
}
/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
div.verseblock + div.attribution {
  text-align: left;
}

div.admonitionblock .icon {
  vertical-align: top;
  font-size: 1.1em;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: underline;
  color: #527bbd;
  padding-right: 0.5em;
}
div.admonitionblock td.content {
  padding-left: 0.5em;
  border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
}

div.exampleblock > div.content {
  border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
  padding-left: 0.5em;
}

div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
a.image:visited { color: white; }

dl {
  margin-top: 0.8em;
  margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
dt {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-style: normal;
  color: navy;
}
dd > *:first-child {
  margin-top: 0.1em;
}

ul, ol {
    list-style-position: outside;
}
ol.arabic {
  list-style-type: decimal;
}
ol.loweralpha {
  list-style-type: lower-alpha;
}
ol.upperalpha {
  list-style-type: upper-alpha;
}
ol.lowerroman {
  list-style-type: lower-roman;
}
ol.upperroman {
  list-style-type: upper-roman;
}

div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
div.compact p, div.compact p,
div.compact div, div.compact div {
  margin-top: 0.1em;
  margin-bottom: 0.1em;
}

tfoot {
  font-weight: bold;
}
td > div.verse {
  white-space: pre;
}

div.hdlist {
  margin-top: 0.8em;
  margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
div.hdlist tr {
  padding-bottom: 15px;
}
dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
  font-weight: bold;
}
td.hdlist1 {
  vertical-align: top;
  font-style: normal;
  padding-right: 0.8em;
  color: navy;
}
td.hdlist2 {
  vertical-align: top;
}
div.hdlist.compact tr {
  margin: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.comment {
  background: yellow;
}

.footnote, .footnoteref {
  font-size: 0.8em;
}

span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
  vertical-align: super;
}

#footnotes {
  margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
  padding: 7px 0 0 0;
}

#footnotes div.footnote {
  margin: 0 0 5px 0;
}

#footnotes hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid silver;
  height: 1px;
  text-align: left;
  margin-left: 0;
  width: 20%;
  min-width: 100px;
}

div.colist td {
  padding-right: 0.5em;
  padding-bottom: 0.3em;
  vertical-align: top;
}
div.colist td img {
  margin-top: 0.3em;
}

@media print {
  #footer-badges { display: none; }
}

#toc {
  margin-bottom: 2.5em;
}

#toctitle {
  color: #527bbd;
  font-size: 1.1em;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-top: 1.0em;
  margin-bottom: 0.1em;
}

div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
div.toclevel2 {
  margin-left: 2em;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}
div.toclevel3 {
  margin-left: 4em;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}
div.toclevel4 {
  margin-left: 6em;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

span.aqua { color: aqua; }
span.black { color: black; }
span.blue { color: blue; }
span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
span.gray { color: gray; }
span.green { color: green; }
span.lime { color: lime; }
span.maroon { color: maroon; }
span.navy { color: navy; }
span.olive { color: olive; }
span.purple { color: purple; }
span.red { color: red; }
span.silver { color: silver; }
span.teal { color: teal; }
span.white { color: white; }
span.yellow { color: yellow; }

span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
span.black-background { background: black; }
span.blue-background { background: blue; }
span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
span.gray-background { background: gray; }
span.green-background { background: green; }
span.lime-background { background: lime; }
span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
span.navy-background { background: navy; }
span.olive-background { background: olive; }
span.purple-background { background: purple; }
span.red-background { background: red; }
span.silver-background { background: silver; }
span.teal-background { background: teal; }
span.white-background { background: white; }
span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }

span.big { font-size: 2em; }
span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }

span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }

div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }


/*
 * xhtml11 specific
 *
 * */

div.tableblock {
  margin-top: 1.0em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.tableblock > table {
  border: 3px solid #527bbd;
}
thead, p.table.header {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #527bbd;
}
p.table {
  margin-top: 0;
}
/* Because the table frame attribute is overriden by CSS in most browsers. */
div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
  border-style: none;
}
div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
  border-left-style: none;
  border-right-style: none;
}
div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
  border-top-style: none;
  border-bottom-style: none;
}


/*
 * html5 specific
 *
 * */

table.tableblock {
  margin-top: 1.0em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
thead, p.tableblock.header {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #527bbd;
}
p.tableblock {
  margin-top: 0;
}
table.tableblock {
  border-width: 3px;
  border-spacing: 0px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: #527bbd;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
  border-width: 1px;
  padding: 4px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-color: #527bbd;
}

table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
  border-left-style: hidden;
  border-right-style: hidden;
}
table.tableblock.frame-sides {
  border-top-style: hidden;
  border-bottom-style: hidden;
}
table.tableblock.frame-none {
  border-style: hidden;
}

th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
  text-align: left;
}
th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
  text-align: center;
}
th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
  text-align: right;
}

th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
  vertical-align: top;
}
th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
  vertical-align: middle;
}
th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
  vertical-align: bottom;
}


/*
 * manpage specific
 *
 * */

body.manpage h1 {
  padding-top: 0.5em;
  padding-bottom: 0.5em;
  border-top: 2px solid silver;
  border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
}
body.manpage h2 {
  border-style: none;
}
body.manpage div.sectionbody {
  margin-left: 3em;
}

@media print {
  body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
}
/* slidy.css

   Copyright (c) 2005-2010 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.
   W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing
   rules apply, see:

   http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents
   http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software
*/

/*
   SJR: 2010-09-29: Modified for AsciiDoc slidy backend.
   Mostly just commented out stuff that is handled by AsciiDoc's CSS files.
*/

body
{
  margin: 0 0 0 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  color: black;
  background-color: white;
/*
  font-family: "Gill Sans MT", "Gill Sans", GillSans, sans-serif;
*/
  font-size: 14pt;
}

div.toolbar {
  position: fixed; z-index: 200;
  top: auto; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 1.2em; text-align: right;
  padding-left: 1em;
  padding-right: 1em;
  font-size: 60%;
  color: red;
  background-color: rgb(240,240,240);
  border-top: solid 1px rgb(180,180,180);
}

div.toolbar span.copyright {
  color: black;
  margin-left: 0.5em;
}

div.initial_prompt {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1000;
  bottom: 1.2em;
  width: 90%;
  background-color: rgb(200,200,200);
  opacity: 0.35;
  background-color: rgb(200,200,200, 0.35);
  cursor: pointer;
}

div.initial_prompt p.help {
  text-align: center;
}

div.initial_prompt p.close {
  text-align: right;
  font-style: italic;
}

div.slidy_toc {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 300;
  width: 60%;
  max-width: 30em;
  height: 30em;
  overflow: auto;
  top: auto;
  right: auto;
  left: 4em;
  bottom: 4em;
  padding: 1em;
  background: rgb(240,240,240);
  border-style: solid;
  border-width: 2px;
  font-size: 60%;
}

div.slidy_toc .toc_heading {
  text-align: center;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-color: rgb(180,180,180);
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
}

div.slide {
  z-index: 20;
  margin: 0 0 0 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 20px;
  padding-right: 20px;
  border-width: 0;
  clear: both;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  line-height: 120%;
  background-color: transparent;
}

div.background {
  display: none;
}

div.handout {
  margin-left: 20px;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

div.slide.titlepage {
  text-align: center;
}

div.slide.titlepage.h1 {
  padding-top: 10%;
}

div.slide h1 {
  padding-left: 0;
  padding-right: 20pt;
  padding-top: 4pt;
  padding-bottom: 4pt;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 60pt;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  display: block;
  font-size: 160%;
  line-height: 1.2em;
  background: transparent;
}

div.toc {
  position: absolute;
  top: auto;
  bottom: 4em;
  left: 4em;
  right: auto;
  width: 60%;
  max-width: 30em;
  height: 30em;
  border: solid thin black;
  padding: 1em;
  background: rgb(240,240,240);
  color: black;
  z-index: 300;
  overflow: auto;
  display: block;
  visibility: visible;
}

div.toc-heading {
  width: 100%;
  border-bottom: solid 1px rgb(180,180,180);
  margin-bottom: 1em;
  text-align: center;
}

/*
pre {
 font-size: 80%;
 font-weight: bold;
 line-height: 120%;
 padding-top: 0.2em;
 padding-bottom: 0.2em;
 padding-left: 1em;
 padding-right: 1em;
 border-style: solid;
 border-left-width: 1em;
 border-top-width: thin;
 border-right-width: thin;
 border-bottom-width: thin;
 border-color: #95ABD0;
 color: #00428C;
 background-color: #E4E5E7;
}
*/

/*
li pre { margin-left: 0; }

blockquote { font-style: italic }

img { background-color: transparent }

p.copyright { font-size: smaller }
*/

.center { text-align: center }
.footnote { font-size: smaller; margin-left: 2em; }

/*
a img { border-width: 0; border-style: none }
*/

a:visited { color: navy }
a:link { color: navy }
a:hover { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
a:active { color: red; text-decoration: underline }

a {text-decoration: none}
.navbar a:link {color: white}
.navbar a:visited {color: yellow}
.navbar a:active {color: red}
.navbar a:hover {color: red}

/*
ul { list-style-type: square; }
ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
ul ul ul { list-style-type: circle; }
ul ul ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
li { margin-left: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; }
li li { font-size: 85%; font-style: italic }
li li li { font-size: 85%; font-style: normal }
*/

div dt
{
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  font-weight: bold;
}
div dd
{
  margin-left: 2em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}


/*
p,pre,ul,ol,blockquote,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,dl,table {
  margin-left: 1em;
  margin-right: 1em;
}
*/

p.subhead { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 2em; }

.smaller { font-size: smaller }
.bigger { font-size: 130% }

/*
td,th { padding: 0.2em }
*/

ul {
  margin: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em;
  padding: 0;
}

ol {
  margin: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em;
  padding: 0;
}

ul { list-style-type: square; }
ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
ul ul ul { list-style-type: circle; }
ul ul ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }

/*
ul li {
  list-style: square;
  margin: 0.1em 0em 0.6em 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 0;
  line-height: 140%;
}

ol li {
  margin: 0.1em 0em 0.6em 1.5em;
  padding: 0 0 0 0px;
  line-height: 140%;
  list-style-type: decimal;
}

li ul li {
  font-size: 85%;
  font-style: italic;
  list-style-type: disc;
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0 0 0 0;
}
li li ul li {
  font-size: 85%;
  font-style: normal;
  list-style-type: circle;
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0 0 0 0;
}
li li li ul li {
  list-style-type: disc;
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0 0 0 0;
}

li ol li {
  list-style-type: decimal;
}


li li ol li {
  list-style-type: decimal;
}
*/

/*
 setting class="outline" on ol or ul makes it behave as an
 ouline list where blocklevel content in li elements is
 hidden by default and can be expanded or collapsed with
 mouse click. Set class="expand" on li to override default
*/

ol.outline li:hover { cursor: pointer }
ol.outline li.nofold:hover { cursor: default }

ul.outline li:hover { cursor: pointer }
ul.outline li.nofold:hover { cursor: default }

ol.outline { list-style:decimal; }
ol.outline ol { list-style-type:lower-alpha }

ol.outline li.nofold {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/nofold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ol.outline li.unfolded {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/fold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ol.outline li.folded {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ol.outline li.unfolded:hover {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/fold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ol.outline li.folded:hover {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}

ul.outline li.nofold {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/nofold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ul.outline li.unfolded {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/fold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ul.outline li.folded {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ul.outline li.unfolded:hover {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/fold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}
ul.outline li.folded:hover {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
}

/* for slides with class "title" in table of contents */
a.titleslide { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic }

/*
 hide images for work around for save as bug
 where browsers fail to save images used by CSS
*/
img.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden }
div.initial_prompt { display: none; visibility: hidden }

  div.slide {
     visibility: visible;
     position: inherit;
  }
  div.handout {
     border-top-style: solid;
     border-top-width: thin;
     border-top-color: black;
  }

@media screen {
  .hidden { display: none; visibility: visible }

  div.slide.hidden { display: block; visibility: visible }
  div.handout.hidden { display: block; visibility: visible }
  div.background { display: none; visibility: hidden }
  body.single_slide div.initial_prompt { display: block; visibility: visible }
  body.single_slide div.background { display: block; visibility: visible }
  body.single_slide div.background.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden }
  body.single_slide .invisible { visibility: hidden }
  body.single_slide .hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden }
  body.single_slide div.slide { position: absolute }
  body.single_slide div.handout { display: none; visibility: hidden }
}

@media print {
  .hidden { display: block; visibility: visible }

/*
  div.slide pre { font-size: 60%; padding-left: 0.5em; }
*/
  div.toolbar { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
  div.slidy_toc { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
  div.background { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
  div.slide { page-break-before: always }
  /* :first-child isn't reliable for print media */
  div.slide.first-slide { page-break-before: avoid }
}


/* SJR: AsciiDoc slidy backend tweaks */

ol, ul {
  margin: 0.8em 1.5em 0.8em 1.8em;
}
li > ul, li > ol {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}

.outline > li.folded,
.outline > li.unfolded {
  color: #527bbd;
}
ul > li{ color: #aaa; }
ul > li > *, ol > li > * { color: black; }

li {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}


</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*<![CDATA[*/
/* slidy.js

   Copyright (c) 2005-2010 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.
   W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing
   rules apply, see:

   http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents
   http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software
*/

// the slidy object implementation
var w3c_slidy = {
  // classify which kind of browser we're running under
  ns_pos: (typeof window.pageYOffset!='undefined'),
  khtml: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("KHTML") >= 0 ? true : false),
  opera: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("Opera") >= 0 ? true : false),
  ipad: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("iPad") >= 0 ? true : false),
  iphone: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("iPhone") >= 0 ? true : false),
  ie: (typeof document.all != "undefined" && !this.opera),
  ie6: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 6") != -1),
  ie7: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 7") != -1),
  ie8: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 8") != -1),
  ie9: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 9") != -1),
  keyboardless: (this.ipad || this.iphone),

  // are we running as XHTML? (doesn't work on Opera)
  is_xhtml: /xml/.test(document.contentType),

  slide_number: 0, // integer slide count: 0, 1, 2, ...
  slide_number_element: null, // element containing slide number
  slides: [], // set to array of slide div's
  notes: [], // set to array of handout div's
  backgrounds: [], // set to array of background div's
  toolbar: null, // element containing toolbar
  title: null, // document title
  last_shown: null, // last incrementally shown item
  eos: null,  // span element for end of slide indicator
  toc: null, // table of contents
  outline: null, // outline element with the focus
  selected_text_len: 0, // length of drag selection on document
  view_all: 0,  // 1 to view all slides + handouts
  want_toolbar: true,  // user preference to show/hide toolbar
  mouse_click_enabled: true, // enables left click for next slide
  scroll_hack: 0, // IE work around for position: fixed
  disable_slide_click: false,  // used by clicked anchors

  lang: "en", // updated to language specified by html file

  help_anchor: null, // used for keyboard focus hack in showToolbar()
  help_page: "http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2/help/help.html",
  help_text: "Navigate with mouse click, space bar, Cursor Left/Right, " +
             "or Pg Up and Pg Dn. Use S and B to change font size.",

  size_index: 0,
  size_adjustment: 0,
  sizes:  new Array("10pt", "12pt", "14pt", "16pt", "18pt", "20pt",
                    "22pt", "24pt", "26pt", "28pt", "30pt", "32pt"),

  // needed for efficient resizing
  last_width: 0,
  last_height: 0,


  // Needed for cross browser support for relative width/height on
  // object elements. The work around is to save width/height attributes
  // and then to recompute absolute width/height dimensions on resizing
   objects: [],

  // attach initialiation event handlers
  set_up: function () {
    var init = function() { w3c_slidy.init(); };
    if (typeof window.addEventListener != "undefined")
      window.addEventListener("load", init, false);
    else
      window.attachEvent("onload", init);
  },

  hide_slides: function () {
    if (document.body && !w3c_slidy.initialized)
      document.body.style.visibility = "hidden";
    else
      setTimeout(w3c_slidy.hide_slides, 50);
  },

  // hack to persuade IE to compute correct document height
  // as needed for simulating fixed positioning of toolbar
  ie_hack: function () {
    window.resizeBy(0,-1);
    window.resizeBy(0, 1);
  },

  init: function () {
    //alert("slidy starting test 10");
    document.body.style.visibility = "visible";
    w3c_slidy_i18n.init();
    this.add_toolbar();
    this.wrap_implicit_slides();
    this.collect_slides();
    this.collect_notes();
    this.collect_backgrounds();
    this.objects = document.body.getElementsByTagName("object");
    this.patch_anchors();
    this.slide_number = this.find_slide_number(location.href);
    window.offscreenbuffering = true;
    this.size_adjustment = this.find_size_adjust();
    this.time_left = this.find_duration();
    this.hide_image_toolbar();  // suppress IE image toolbar popup
    this.init_outliner();  // activate fold/unfold support
    this.title = document.title;

    // work around for opera bug
    this.is_xhtml = (document.body.tagName == "BODY" ? false : true);

    if (this.slides.length > 0)
    {
      var slide = this.slides[this.slide_number];

      if (this.slide_number > 0)
      {
        this.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
        this.last_shown = this.previous_incremental_item(null);
        this.set_eos_status(true);
      }
      else
      {
        this.last_shown = null;
        this.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
        this.set_eos_status(!this.next_incremental_item(this.last_shown));
      }

      this.set_location();
      this.add_class(this.slides[0], "first-slide");
      w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
    }

    this.toc = this.table_of_contents();

    this.add_initial_prompt();

    // bind event handlers without interfering with custom page scripts
    // Tap events behave too weirdly to support clicks reliably on
    // iPhone and iPad, so exclude these from click handler

    if (!this.keyboardless)
      this.add_listener(document.body, "click", this.mouse_button_click);

    this.add_listener(document, "keydown", this.key_down);
    this.add_listener(document, "keypress", this.key_press);
    this.add_listener(window, "resize", this.resized);
    this.add_listener(window, "scroll", this.scrolled);
    this.add_listener(window, "unload", this.unloaded);

    if (!document.body.onclick)
      document.body.onclick = function () { };

    this.single_slide_view();

    //this.set_location();

    this.resized();

    if (this.ie7)
      setTimeout(w3c_slidy.ie_hack, 100);

    this.show_toolbar();

    // for back button detection
    setInterval(function () { w3c_slidy.check_location(); }, 200);
    w3c_slidy.initialized = true;
  },

  // create div element with links to each slide
  table_of_contents: function () {
    var toc = this.create_element("div");
    this.add_class(toc, "slidy_toc hidden");
    //toc.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");

    var heading = this.create_element("div");
    this.add_class(heading, "toc-heading");
    heading.innerHTML = "Table of Contents".localize();

    toc.appendChild(heading);
    var previous = null;

    for (var i = 0; i < this.slides.length; ++i)
    {
      var title = this.has_class(this.slides[i], "title");
      var num = document.createTextNode((i + 1) + ". ");

      toc.appendChild(num);

      var a = this.create_element("a");
      a.setAttribute("href", "#(" + (i+1) + ")");

      if (title)
        this.add_class(a, "titleslide");

      var name = document.createTextNode(this.slide_name(i));
      a.appendChild(name);
      a.onclick = w3c_slidy.toc_click;
      a.onkeydown = w3c_slidy.toc_keydown;
      a.previous = previous;

      if (previous)
        previous.next = a;

      toc.appendChild(a);

      if (i == 0)
        toc.first = a;

      if (i < this.slides.length - 1)
      {
        var br = this.create_element("br");
        toc.appendChild(br);
      }

      previous = a;
    }

    toc.focus = function () {
      if (this.first)
        this.first.focus();
    }

    toc.onmouseup = w3c_slidy.mouse_button_up;

    toc.onclick = function (e) {
      e||(e=window.event);

      if (w3c_slidy.selected_text_len <= 0)
         w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();

      w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);

      if (e.cancel != undefined)
        e.cancel = true;

      if (e.returnValue != undefined)
        e.returnValue = false;

      return false;
    };

    document.body.insertBefore(toc, document.body.firstChild);
    return toc;
  },

  is_shown_toc: function () {
    return !w3c_slidy.has_class(w3c_slidy.toc, "hidden");
  },

  show_table_of_contents: function () {
    w3c_slidy.remove_class(w3c_slidy.toc, "hidden");
    var toc = w3c_slidy.toc;
    toc.focus();

    if (w3c_slidy.ie7 && w3c_slidy.slide_number == 0)
      setTimeout(w3c_slidy.ie_hack, 100);
  },

  hide_table_of_contents: function () {
    w3c_slidy.add_class(w3c_slidy.toc, "hidden");

    if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
      w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
  },

  toggle_table_of_contents: function () {
    if (w3c_slidy.is_shown_toc())
      w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();
    else
      w3c_slidy.show_table_of_contents();
  },

  // called on clicking toc entry
  toc_click: function (e) {
    if (!e)
      e = window.event;

    var target = w3c_slidy.get_target(e);

    if (target && target.nodeType == 1)
    {
      var uri = target.getAttribute("href");

      if (uri)
      {
        //alert("going to " + uri);
        var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
        w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
        w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.find_slide_number(uri);
        slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
        w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
        w3c_slidy.set_location();
        w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
        w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
        w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
        //target.focus();

        try
        {
          if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
            w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
        }
        catch (e)
        {
        }
      }
    }

    w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents(e);
    if (w3c_slidy.ie7) w3c_slidy.ie_hack();
    w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
    return w3c_slidy.cancel(e);
  },

  // called onkeydown for toc entry
  toc_keydown: function (event) {
    var key;

    if (!event)
      var event = window.event;

    // kludge around NS/IE differences
    if (window.event)
      key = window.event.keyCode;
    else if (event.which)
      key = event.which;
    else
      return true; // Yikes! unknown browser

    // ignore event if key value is zero
    // as for alt on Opera and Konqueror
    if (!key)
      return true;

    // check for concurrent control/command/alt key
    // but are these only present on mouse events?

    if (event.ctrlKey || event.altKey)
      return true;

    if (key == 13)
    {
      var uri = this.getAttribute("href");

      if (uri)
      {
        //alert("going to " + uri);
       var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
        w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
        w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.find_slide_number(uri);
        slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
        w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
        w3c_slidy.set_location();
        w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
        w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
        w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
        //target.focus();

        try
        {
          if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
            w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
        }
        catch (e)
        {
        }
      }

      w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();

      if (self.ie7)
       w3c_slidy.ie_hack();

      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }

    if (key == 40 && this.next)
    {
      this.next.focus();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }

    if (key == 38 && this.previous)
    {
      this.previous.focus();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }

    return true;
  },


  // ### OBSOLETE ###
  before_print: function () {
    this.show_all_slides();
    this.hide_toolbar();
    alert("before print");
  },

  // ### OBSOLETE ###
  after_print: function () {
    if (!this.view_all)
    {
      this.single_slide_view();
      this.show_toolbar();
    }
    alert("after print");
  },

  // ### OBSOLETE ###
  print_slides: function () {
    this.before_print();
    window.print();
    this.after_print();
  },

  // ### OBSOLETE ?? ###
  toggle_view: function () {
    if (this.view_all)
    {
      this.single_slide_view();
      this.show_toolbar();
      this.view_all = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      this.show_all_slides();
      this.hide_toolbar();
      this.view_all = 1;
    }
  },

  // prepare for printing  ### OBSOLETE ###
  show_all_slides: function () {
    this.remove_class(document.body, "single_slide");
    this.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
  },

  // restore after printing  ### OBSOLETE ###
  single_slide_view: function () {
    this.add_class(document.body, "single_slide");
    this.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
    this.last_shown = this.previous_incremental_item(null);
  },

  // suppress IE's image toolbar pop up
  hide_image_toolbar: function () {
    if (!this.ns_pos)
    {
      var images = document.getElementsByTagName("IMG");

      for (var i = 0; i < images.length; ++i)
        images[i].setAttribute("galleryimg", "no");
    }
  },

  unloaded: function (e) {
    //alert("unloaded");
  },

  // Safari and Konqueror don't yet support getComputedStyle()
  // and they always reload page when location.href is updated
  is_KHTML: function () {
    var agent = navigator.userAgent;
    return (agent.indexOf("KHTML") >= 0 ? true : false);
  },

  // find slide name from first h1 element
  // default to document title + slide number
  slide_name: function (index) {
    var name = null;
    var slide = this.slides[index];

    var heading = this.find_heading(slide);

    if (heading)
      name = this.extract_text(heading);

    if (!name)
      name = this.title + "(" + (index + 1) + ")";

    name.replace(/\&/g, "&amp;");
    name.replace(/\</g, "&lt;");
    name.replace(/\>/g, "&gt;");

    return name;
  },

  // find first h1 element in DOM tree
  find_heading: function (node) {
    if (!node || node.nodeType != 1)
      return null;

    if (node.nodeName == "H1" || node.nodeName == "h1")
      return node;

    var child = node.firstChild;

    while (child)
    {
      node = this.find_heading(child);

      if (node)
        return node;

      child = child.nextSibling;
    }

    return null;
  },

  // recursively extract text from DOM tree
  extract_text: function (node) {
    if (!node)
      return "";

    // text nodes
    if (node.nodeType == 3)
      return node.nodeValue;

    // elements
    if (node.nodeType == 1)
    {
      node = node.firstChild;
      var text = "";

      while (node)
      {
        text = text + this.extract_text(node);
        node = node.nextSibling;
      }

      return text;
    }

    return "";
  },

  // find copyright text from meta element
  find_copyright: function () {
    var name, content;
    var meta = document.getElementsByTagName("meta");

    for (var i = 0; i < meta.length; ++i)
    {
      name = meta[i].getAttribute("name");
      content = meta[i].getAttribute("content");

      if (name == "copyright")
        return content;
    }

    return null;
  },

  find_size_adjust: function () {
    var name, content, offset;
    var meta = document.getElementsByTagName("meta");

    for (var i = 0; i < meta.length; ++i)
    {
      name = meta[i].getAttribute("name");
      content = meta[i].getAttribute("content");

      if (name == "font-size-adjustment")
        return 1 * content;
    }

    return 1;
  },

  // <meta name="duration" content="20" />  for 20 minutes
  find_duration: function () {
    var name, content, offset;
    var meta = document.getElementsByTagName("meta");

    for (var i = 0; i < meta.length; ++i)
    {
      name = meta[i].getAttribute("name");
      content = meta[i].getAttribute("content");

      if (name == "duration")
        return 60000 * content;
    }

    return null;
  },

  replace_by_non_breaking_space: function (str) {
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i)
      str[i] = 160;
  },

  // ### CHECK ME ### is use of "li" okay for text/html?
  // for XHTML do we also need to specify namespace?
  init_outliner: function () {
    var items = document.getElementsByTagName("li");

    for (var i = 0; i < items.length; ++i)
    {
      var target = items[i];

      if (!this.has_class(target.parentNode, "outline"))
        continue;

      target.onclick = this.outline_click;
/* ### more work needed for IE6
      if (!this.ns_pos)
      {
        target.onmouseover = this.hover_outline;
        target.onmouseout = this.unhover_outline;
      }
*/
      if (this.foldable(target))
      {
        target.foldable = true;
        target.onfocus = function () {w3c_slidy.outline = this;};
        target.onblur = function () {w3c_slidy.outline = null;};

        if (!target.getAttribute("tabindex"))
          target.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");

        if (this.has_class(target, "expand"))
          this.unfold(target);
        else
          this.fold(target);
      }
      else
      {
        this.add_class(target, "nofold");
        target.visible = true;
        target.foldable = false;
      }
    }
  },

  foldable: function (item) {
    if (!item || item.nodeType != 1)
      return false;

    var node = item.firstChild;

    while (node)
    {
      if (node.nodeType == 1 && this.is_block(node))
        return true;

      node = node.nextSibling;
    }

    return false;
  },

  // ### CHECK ME ### switch to add/remove "hidden" class
  fold: function (item) {
    if (item)
    {
      this.remove_class(item, "unfolded");
      this.add_class(item, "folded");
    }

    var node = item ? item.firstChild : null;

    while (node)
    {
      if (node.nodeType == 1 && this.is_block(node)) // element
      {
         w3c_slidy.add_class(node, "hidden");
      }

      node = node.nextSibling;
    }

    item.visible = false;
  },

  // ### CHECK ME ### switch to add/remove "hidden" class
  unfold: function (item) {
    if (item)
    {
      this.add_class(item, "unfolded");
      this.remove_class(item, "folded");
    }

    var node = item ? item.firstChild : null;

    while (node)
    {
      if (node.nodeType == 1 && this.is_block(node)) // element
      {
        w3c_slidy.remove_class(node, "hidden");
      }

      node = node.nextSibling;
    }

    item.visible = true;
  },

  outline_click: function (e) {
    if (!e)
      e = window.event;

    var rightclick = false;
    var target = w3c_slidy.get_target(e);

    while (target && target.visible == undefined)
      target = target.parentNode;

    if (!target)
      return true;

    if (e.which)
      rightclick = (e.which == 3);
    else if (e.button)
      rightclick = (e.button == 2);

    if (!rightclick && target.visible != undefined)
    {
      if (target.foldable)
      {
        if (target.visible)
          w3c_slidy.fold(target);
        else
          w3c_slidy.unfold(target);
      }

      w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
      e.cancel = true;
      e.returnValue = false;
    }

    return false;
  },

  add_initial_prompt: function () {
    var prompt = this.create_element("div");
    prompt.setAttribute("class", "initial_prompt");

    var p1 = this.create_element("p");
    prompt.appendChild(p1);
    p1.setAttribute("class", "help");

    if (this.keyboardless)
      p1.innerHTML = "Tap footer to move to next slide";
    else
      p1.innerHTML = "Space or Right Arrow to move to next " +
                     "slide, click help below for more details";

    this.add_listener(prompt, "click", function (e) {
      document.body.removeChild(prompt);
      w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);

      if (e.cancel != undefined)
        e.cancel = true;

      if (e.returnValue != undefined)
        e.returnValue = false;

      return false;
    });

    document.body.appendChild(prompt);
    this.initial_prompt = prompt;
    setTimeout(function() {document.body.removeChild(prompt);}, 5000);
  },

  add_toolbar: function () {
    var counter, page;

     this.toolbar = this.create_element("div");
     this.toolbar.setAttribute("class", "toolbar");

     // a reasonably behaved browser
     if (this.ns_pos || !this.ie6)
     {
       var right = this.create_element("div");
       right.setAttribute("style", "float: right; text-align: right");

       counter = this.create_element("span")
       counter.innerHTML = "slide".localize() + " n/m";
       right.appendChild(counter);
       this.toolbar.appendChild(right);

       var left = this.create_element("div");
       left.setAttribute("style", "text-align: left");

       // global end of slide indicator
       this.eos = this.create_element("span");
       this.eos.innerHTML = "* ";
       left.appendChild(this.eos);

       var help = this.create_element("a");
       help.setAttribute("href", this.help_page);
       help.setAttribute("title", this.help_text.localize());
       help.innerHTML = "help?".localize();
       left.appendChild(help);
       this.help_anchor = help;  // save for focus hack

       var gap1 = document.createTextNode(" ");
       left.appendChild(gap1);

       var contents = this.create_element("a");
       contents.setAttribute("href", "javascript:w3c_slidy.toggle_table_of_contents()");
       contents.setAttribute("title", "table of contents".localize());
       contents.innerHTML = "contents?".localize();
       left.appendChild(contents);

       var gap2 = document.createTextNode(" ");
       left.appendChild(gap2);

       var copyright = this.find_copyright();

       if (copyright)
       {
         var span = this.create_element("span");
         span.className = "copyright";
         span.innerHTML = copyright;
         left.appendChild(span);
       }

       this.toolbar.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
       this.toolbar.appendChild(left);
     }
     else // IE6 so need to work around its poor CSS support
     {
       this.toolbar.style.position = (this.ie7 ? "fixed" : "absolute");
       this.toolbar.style.zIndex = "200";
       this.toolbar.style.width = "99.9%";
       this.toolbar.style.height = "1.2em";
       this.toolbar.style.top = "auto";
       this.toolbar.style.bottom = "0";
       this.toolbar.style.left = "0";
       this.toolbar.style.right = "0";
       this.toolbar.style.textAlign = "left";
       this.toolbar.style.fontSize = "60%";
       this.toolbar.style.color = "red";
       this.toolbar.borderWidth = 0;
       this.toolbar.className = "toolbar";
       this.toolbar.style.background = "rgb(240,240,240)";

       // would like to have help text left aligned
       // and page counter right aligned, floating
       // div's don't work, so instead use nested
       // absolutely positioned div's.

       var sp = this.create_element("span");
       sp.innerHTML = "&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;";
       this.toolbar.appendChild(sp);
       this.eos = sp;  // end of slide indicator

       var help = this.create_element("a");
       help.setAttribute("href", this.help_page);
       help.setAttribute("title", this.help_text.localize());
       help.innerHTML = "help?".localize();
       this.toolbar.appendChild(help);
       this.help_anchor = help;  // save for focus hack

       var gap1 = document.createTextNode(" ");
       this.toolbar.appendChild(gap1);

       var contents = this.create_element("a");
       contents.setAttribute("href", "javascript:toggleTableOfContents()");
       contents.setAttribute("title", "table of contents".localize());
       contents.innerHTML = "contents?".localize();
       this.toolbar.appendChild(contents);

       var gap2 = document.createTextNode(" ");
       this.toolbar.appendChild(gap2);

       var copyright = this.find_copyright();

       if (copyright)
       {
         var span = this.create_element("span");
         span.innerHTML = copyright;
         span.style.color = "black";
         span.style.marginLeft = "0.5em";
         this.toolbar.appendChild(span);
       }

       counter = this.create_element("div")
       counter.style.position = "absolute";
       counter.style.width = "auto"; //"20%";
       counter.style.height = "1.2em";
       counter.style.top = "auto";
       counter.style.bottom = 0;
       counter.style.right = "0";
       counter.style.textAlign = "right";
       counter.style.color = "red";
       counter.style.background = "rgb(240,240,240)";

       counter.innerHTML = "slide".localize() + " n/m";
       this.toolbar.appendChild(counter);
     }

     // ensure that click isn't passed through to the page
     this.toolbar.onclick =
         function (e) {
           if (!e)
             e = window.event;

           var target = e.target;

           if (!target && e.srcElement)
             target = e.srcElement;

           // work around Safari bug
           if (target && target.nodeType == 3)
             target = target.parentNode;

           w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);

           if (target && target.nodeName.toLowerCase() != "a")
             w3c_slidy.mouse_button_click(e);
         };

     this.slide_number_element = counter;
     this.set_eos_status(false);
     document.body.appendChild(this.toolbar);
  },

  // wysiwyg editors make it hard to use div elements
  // e.g. amaya loses the div when you copy and paste
  // this function wraps div elements around implicit
  // slides which start with an h1 element and continue
  // up to the next heading or div element
  wrap_implicit_slides: function () {
    var i, heading, node, next, div;
    var headings = document.getElementsByTagName("h1");

    if (!headings)
      return;

    for (i = 0; i < headings.length; ++i)
    {
      heading = headings[i];

      if (heading.parentNode != document.body)
        continue;

      node = heading.nextSibling;

      div = document.createElement("div");
      this.add_class(div, "slide");
      document.body.replaceChild(div, heading);
      div.appendChild(heading);

      while (node)
      {
        if (node.nodeType == 1 &&    // an element
             (node.nodeName == "H1" ||
              node.nodeName == "h1" ||
              node.nodeName == "DIV" ||
              node.nodeName == "div"))
          break;

        next = node.nextSibling;
        node = document.body.removeChild(node);
        div.appendChild(node);
        node = next;
      }
    }
  },

// return new array of all slides
  collect_slides: function () {
    var slides = new Array();
    var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName("div");

    for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; ++i)
    {
      div = divs.item(i);

      if (this.has_class(div, "slide"))
      {
        // add slide to collection
        slides[slides.length] = div;

        // hide each slide as it is found
        this.add_class(div, "hidden");

        // add dummy <br/> at end for scrolling hack
        var node1 = document.createElement("br");
        div.appendChild(node1);
        var node2 = document.createElement("br");
        div.appendChild(node2);
      }
      else if (this.has_class(div, "background"))
      {  // work around for Firefox SVG reload bug
        // which otherwise replaces 1st SVG graphic with 2nd
        div.style.display = "block";
      }
    }

    this.slides = slides;
  },

  // return new array of all <div class="handout">
  collect_notes: function () {
    var notes = new Array();
    var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName("div");

    for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; ++i)
    {
      div = divs.item(i);

      if (this.has_class(div, "handout"))
      {
        // add note to collection
        notes[notes.length] = div;

        // and hide it
        this.add_class(div, "hidden");
      }
    }

    this.notes = notes;
  },

  // return new array of all <div class="background">
  // including named backgrounds e.g. class="background titlepage"
  collect_backgrounds: function () {
    var backgrounds = new Array();
    var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName("div");

    for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; ++i)
    {
      div = divs.item(i);

      if (this.has_class(div, "background"))
      {
        // add background to collection
        backgrounds[backgrounds.length] = div;

        // and hide it
        this.add_class(div, "hidden");
      }
    }

    this.backgrounds = backgrounds;
  },

  // set click handlers on all anchors
  patch_anchors: function () {
    var self = w3c_slidy;
    var handler = function (event) {
      // compare this.href with location.href
      // for link to another slide in this doc

      if (self.page_address(this.href) == self.page_address(location.href))
      {
        // yes, so find new slide number
        var newslidenum = self.find_slide_number(this.href);

        if (newslidenum != self.slide_number)
        {
          var slide = self.slides[self.slide_number];
          self.hide_slide(slide);
          self.slide_number = newslidenum;
          slide = self.slides[self.slide_number];
          self.show_slide(slide);
          self.set_location();
        }
      }
      else if (this.target == null)
        location.href = this.href;

      this.blur();
      self.disable_slide_click = true;
    };

    var anchors = document.body.getElementsByTagName("a");

    for (var i = 0; i < anchors.length; ++i)
    {
      if (window.addEventListener)
        anchors[i].addEventListener("click", handler, false);
      else
        anchors[i].attachEvent("onclick", handler);
    }
  },

  // ### CHECK ME ### see which functions are invoked via setTimeout
  // either directly or indirectly for use of w3c_slidy vs this
  show_slide_number: function () {
    var timer = w3c_slidy.get_timer();
    w3c_slidy.slide_number_element.innerHTML = timer + "slide".localize() + " " +
           (w3c_slidy.slide_number + 1) + "/" + w3c_slidy.slides.length;
  },

  // every 200mS check if the location has been changed as a
  // result of the user activating the Back button/menu item
  // doesn't work for Opera < 9.5
  check_location: function () {
    var hash = location.hash;

    if (w3c_slidy.slide_number > 0 && (hash == "" || hash == "#"))
      w3c_slidy.goto_slide(0);
    else if (hash.length > 2 && hash != "#("+(w3c_slidy.slide_number+1)+")")
    {
      var num = parseInt(location.hash.substr(2));

      if (!isNaN(num))
        w3c_slidy.goto_slide(num-1);
    }

    if (w3c_slidy.time_left && w3c_slidy.slide_number > 0)
    {
      w3c_slidy.show_slide_number();

      if (w3c_slidy.time_left > 0)
        w3c_slidy.time_left -= 200;
    }
  },

  get_timer: function () {
    var timer = "";
    if (w3c_slidy.time_left)
    {
      var mins, secs;
      secs = Math.floor(w3c_slidy.time_left/1000);
      mins = Math.floor(secs / 60);
      secs = secs % 60;
      timer = (mins ? mins+"m" : "") + secs + "s ";
    }

    return timer;
  },

  // this doesn't push location onto history stack for IE
  // for which a hidden iframe hack is needed: load page into
  // the iframe with script that set's parent's location.hash
  // but that won't work for standalone use unless we can
  // create the page dynamically via a javascript: URL
  set_location: function () {
     var uri = w3c_slidy.page_address(location.href);
     var hash = "#(" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";

     if (w3c_slidy.slide_number >= 0)
       uri = uri + hash;

     if (w3c_slidy.ie && !w3c_slidy.ie8)
       w3c_slidy.push_hash(hash);

     if (uri != location.href) // && !khtml
        location.href = uri;

     if (this.khtml)
        hash = "(" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";

     if (!this.ie && location.hash != hash && location.hash != "")
       location.hash = hash;

     document.title = w3c_slidy.title + " (" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";
     w3c_slidy.show_slide_number();
  },

  page_address: function (uri) {
    var i = uri.indexOf("#");

    if (i < 0)
      i = uri.indexOf("%23");

    // check if anchor is entire page

    if (i < 0)
      return uri;  // yes

    return uri.substr(0, i);
  },

  // only used for IE6 and IE7
  on_frame_loaded: function (hash) {
    location.hash = hash;
    var uri = w3c_slidy.page_address(location.href);
    location.href = uri + hash;
  },

  // history hack with thanks to Bertrand Le Roy
  push_hash: function (hash) {
    if (hash == "") hash = "#(1)";
      window.location.hash = hash;

    var doc = document.getElementById("historyFrame").contentWindow.document;
    doc.open("javascript:'<html></html>'");
    // PWL modified this string literal to break the close script tag
    // which otherwise gets parsed when incorporated
    doc.write("<html><head><script type=\"text/javascript\">window.parent.w3c_slidy.on_frame_loaded('"+
      (hash) + "');</" + "script></head><body>hello mum</body></html>");
    doc.close();
    },

  // find current slide based upon location
  // first find target anchor and then look
  // for associated div element enclosing it
  // finally map that to slide number
  find_slide_number: function (uri) {
    // first get anchor from page location

    var i = uri.indexOf("#");

    // check if anchor is entire page
    if (i < 0)
      return 0;  // yes

    var anchor = unescape(uri.substr(i+1));

    // now use anchor as XML ID to find target
    var target = document.getElementById(anchor);

    if (!target)
    {
      // does anchor look like "(2)" for slide 2 ??
      // where first slide is (1)
      var re = /\((\d)+\)/;

      if (anchor.match(re))
      {
        var num = parseInt(anchor.substring(1, anchor.length-1));

        if (num > this.slides.length)
          num = 1;

        if (--num < 0)
          num = 0;

        return num;
      }

      // accept [2] for backwards compatibility
      re = /\[(\d)+\]/;

      if (anchor.match(re))
      {
         var num = parseInt(anchor.substring(1, anchor.length-1));

         if (num > this.slides.length)
            num = 1;

         if (--num < 0)
            num = 0;

         return num;
      }

      // oh dear unknown anchor
      return 0;
    }

    // search for enclosing slide

    while (true)
    {
      // browser coerces html elements to uppercase!
      if (target.nodeName.toLowerCase() == "div" &&
            this.has_class(target, "slide"))
      {
        // found the slide element
        break;
      }

      // otherwise try parent element if any

      target = target.parentNode;

      if (!target)
      {
        return 0;   // no luck!
      }
    };

    for (i = 0; i < slides.length; ++i)
    {
      if (slides[i] == target)
        return i;  // success
    }

    // oh dear still no luck
    return 0;
  },

  previous_slide: function (incremental) {
    if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
    {
      var slide;

      if ((incremental || w3c_slidy.slide_number == 0) && w3c_slidy.last_shown != null)
      {
        w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.hide_previous_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown);
        w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(false);
      }
      else if (w3c_slidy.slide_number > 0)
      {
        slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
        w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);

        w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.slide_number - 1;
        slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
        w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
        w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.previous_incremental_item(null);
        w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(true);
        w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
      }

      w3c_slidy.set_location();

      if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
        w3c_slidy.refresh_toolbar(200);
    }
  },

  next_slide: function (incremental) {
    if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
    {
      var slide, last = w3c_slidy.last_shown;

      if (incremental || w3c_slidy.slide_number == w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1)
         w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.reveal_next_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown);

      if ((!incremental || w3c_slidy.last_shown == null) &&
             w3c_slidy.slide_number < w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1)
      {
         slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);

         w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.slide_number + 1;
         slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
         w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
         w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
      }
      else if (!w3c_slidy.last_shown)
      {
         if (last && incremental)
           w3c_slidy.last_shown = last;
      }

      w3c_slidy.set_location();

      w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));

      if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
         w3c_slidy.refresh_toolbar(200);
     }
  },

  // to first slide with nothing revealed
  // i.e. state at start of presentation
  first_slide: function () {
     if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
     {
       var slide;

       if (w3c_slidy.slide_number != 0)
       {
         slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);

         w3c_slidy.slide_number = 0;
         slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
         w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
         w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
       }

       w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(
         !w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
       w3c_slidy.set_location();
     }
  },

  // goto last slide with everything revealed
  // i.e. state at end of presentation
  last_slide: function () {
    if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
    {
      var slide;

      w3c_slidy.last_shown = null; //revealNextItem(lastShown);

      if (w3c_slidy.last_shown == null &&
          w3c_slidy.slide_number < w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1)
      {
         slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
         w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1;
         slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
         w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.previous_incremental_item(null);

         w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
      }
      else
      {
         w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
         w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.previous_incremental_item(null);
      }

      w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(true);
      w3c_slidy.set_location();
    }
  },


  // ### check this and consider add/remove class
  set_eos_status: function (state) {
    if (this.eos)
      this.eos.style.color = (state ? "rgb(240,240,240)" : "red");
  },

  // first slide is 0
  goto_slide: function (num) {
    //alert("going to slide " + (num+1));
    var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
    w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
    w3c_slidy.slide_number = num;
    slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
    w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
    w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
    w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
    document.title = w3c_slidy.title + " (" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";
    w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
    w3c_slidy.show_slide_number();
  },


  show_slide: function (slide) {
    this.sync_background(slide);
    window.scrollTo(0,0);
    this.remove_class(slide, "hidden");
  },

  hide_slide: function (slide) {
    this.add_class(slide, "hidden");
  },

  // show just the backgrounds pertinent to this slide
  // when slide background-color is transparent
  // this should now work with rgba color values
  sync_background: function (slide) {
    var background;
    var bgColor;

    if (slide.currentStyle)
      bgColor = slide.currentStyle["backgroundColor"];
    else if (document.defaultView)
    {
      var styles = document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(slide,null);

      if (styles)
        bgColor = styles.getPropertyValue("background-color");
      else // broken implementation probably due Safari or Konqueror
      {
        //alert("defective implementation of getComputedStyle()");
        bgColor = "transparent";
      }
    }
    else
      bgColor == "transparent";

    if (bgColor == "transparent" ||
        bgColor.indexOf("rgba") >= 0 ||
        bgColor.indexOf("opacity") >= 0)
    {
      var slideClass = this.get_class_list(slide);

      for (var i = 0; i < this.backgrounds.length; i++)
      {
        background = this.backgrounds[i];

        var bgClass = this.get_class_list(background);

        if (this.matching_background(slideClass, bgClass))
          this.remove_class(background, "hidden");
        else
          this.add_class(background, "hidden");
      }
    }
    else // forcibly hide all backgrounds
      this.hide_backgrounds();
  },

  hide_backgrounds: function () {
    for (var i = 0; i < this.backgrounds.length; i++)
    {
      background = this.backgrounds[i];
      this.add_class(background, "hidden");
    }
  },

  // compare classes for slide and background
  matching_background: function (slideClass, bgClass) {
    var i, count, pattern, result;

    // define pattern as regular expression
    pattern = /\w+/g;

    // check background class names
    result = bgClass.match(pattern);

    for (i = count = 0; i < result.length; i++)
    {
      if (result[i] == "hidden")
        continue;

      if (result[i] == "background")
	continue;

      ++count;
    }

    if (count == 0)  // default match
      return true;

    // check for matches and place result in array
    result = slideClass.match(pattern);

    // now check if desired name is present for background
    for (i = count = 0; i < result.length; i++)
    {
      if (result[i] == "hidden")
        continue;

      if (this.has_token(bgClass, result[i]))
        return true;
    }

    return false;
  },

  resized: function () {
     var width = 0;

     if ( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' )
       width = window.innerWidth;  // Non IE browser
     else if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientWidth)
       width = document.documentElement.clientWidth;  // IE6
     else if (document.body && document.body.clientWidth)
       width = document.body.clientWidth; // IE4

     var height = 0;

     if ( typeof( window.innerHeight ) == 'number' )
       height = window.innerHeight;  // Non IE browser
     else if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientHeight)
       height = document.documentElement.clientHeight;  // IE6
     else if (document.body && document.body.clientHeight)
       height = document.body.clientHeight; // IE4

     if (height && (width/height > 1.05*1024/768))
     {
       width = height * 1024.0/768;
     }

     // IE fires onresize even when only font size is changed!
     // so we do a check to avoid blocking < and > actions
     if (width != w3c_slidy.last_width || height != w3c_slidy.last_height)
     {
       if (width >= 1100)
         w3c_slidy.size_index = 5;    // 4
       else if (width >= 1000)
         w3c_slidy.size_index = 4;    // 3
       else if (width >= 800)
         w3c_slidy.size_index = 3;    // 2
       else if (width >= 600)
         w3c_slidy.size_index = 2;    // 1
       else if (width)
         w3c_slidy.size_index = 0;

       // add in font size adjustment from meta element e.g.
       // <meta name="font-size-adjustment" content="-2" />
       // useful when slides have too much content ;-)

       if (0 <= w3c_slidy.size_index + w3c_slidy.size_adjustment &&
             w3c_slidy.size_index + w3c_slidy.size_adjustment < w3c_slidy.sizes.length)
         w3c_slidy.size_index = w3c_slidy.size_index + w3c_slidy.size_adjustment;

       // enables cross browser use of relative width/height
       // on object elements for use with SVG and Flash media
       w3c_slidy.adjust_object_dimensions(width, height);

       if (document.body.style.fontSize != w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index])
       {
         document.body.style.fontSize = w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index];
       }

       w3c_slidy.last_width = width;
       w3c_slidy.last_height = height;

       // force reflow to work around Mozilla bug
       if (w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
       {
         var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
         w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
         w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
       }

       // force correct positioning of toolbar
       w3c_slidy.refresh_toolbar(200);
     }
  },

  scrolled: function () {
    if (w3c_slidy.toolbar && !w3c_slidy.ns_pos && !w3c_slidy.ie7)
    {
      w3c_slidy.hack_offset = w3c_slidy.scroll_x_offset();
      // hide toolbar
      w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "none";

      // make it reappear later
      if (w3c_slidy.scrollhack == 0 && !w3c_slidy.view_all)
      {
        setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, 1000);
        w3c_slidy.scrollhack = 1;
      }
    }
  },

  hide_toolbar: function () {
    w3c_slidy.add_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden");
    window.focus();
  },

  // used to ensure IE refreshes toolbar in correct position
  refresh_toolbar: function (interval) {
    if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos && !w3c_slidy.ie7)
    {
      w3c_slidy.hide_toolbar();
      setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, interval);
    }
  },

  // restores toolbar after short delay
  show_toolbar: function () {
    if (w3c_slidy.want_toolbar)
    {
      w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "block";

      if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
      {
        // adjust position to allow for scrolling
        var xoffset = w3c_slidy.scroll_x_offset();
        w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.left = xoffset;
        w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.right = xoffset;

        // determine vertical scroll offset
        //var yoffset = scrollYOffset();

        // bottom is doc height - window height - scroll offset
        //var bottom = documentHeight() - lastHeight - yoffset

        //if (yoffset > 0 || documentHeight() > lastHeight)
        //   bottom += 16;  // allow for height of scrollbar

        w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.bottom = 0; //bottom;
      }

      w3c_slidy.remove_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden");
    }

    w3c_slidy.scrollhack = 0;


    // set the keyboard focus to the help link on the
    // toolbar to ensure that document has the focus
    // IE doesn't always work with window.focus()
    // and this hack has benefit of Enter for help

    try
    {
      if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
        w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
    }
    catch (e)
    {
    }
  },

// invoked via F key
  toggle_toolbar: function () {
    if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
    {
      if (w3c_slidy.has_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden"))
      {
        w3c_slidy.remove_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden")
        w3c_slidy.want_toolbar = 1;
      }
      else
      {
        w3c_slidy.add_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden")
        w3c_slidy.want_toolbar = 0;
      }
    }
  },

  scroll_x_offset: function () {
    if (window.pageXOffset)
      return self.pageXOffset;

    if (document.documentElement &&
             document.documentElement.scrollLeft)
      return document.documentElement.scrollLeft;

    if (document.body)
      return document.body.scrollLeft;

    return 0;
  },

  scroll_y_offset: function () {
    if (window.pageYOffset)
      return self.pageYOffset;

    if (document.documentElement &&
             document.documentElement.scrollTop)
      return document.documentElement.scrollTop;

    if (document.body)
      return document.body.scrollTop;

    return 0;
  },

  // looking for a way to determine height of slide content
  // the slide itself is set to the height of the window
  optimize_font_size: function () {
    var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];

    //var dh = documentHeight(); //getDocHeight(document);
    var dh = slide.scrollHeight;
    var wh = getWindowHeight();
    var u = 100 * dh / wh;

    alert("window utilization = " + u + "% (doc "
      + dh + " win " + wh + ")");
  },

  // from document object
  get_doc_height: function (doc) {
    if (!doc)
      doc = document;

    if (doc && doc.body && doc.body.offsetHeight)
      return doc.body.offsetHeight;  // ns/gecko syntax

    if (doc && doc.body && doc.body.scrollHeight)
      return doc.body.scrollHeight;

    alert("couldn't determine document height");
  },

  get_window_height: function () {
    if ( typeof( window.innerHeight ) == 'number' )
      return window.innerHeight;  // Non IE browser

    if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientHeight)
      return document.documentElement.clientHeight;  // IE6

    if (document.body && document.body.clientHeight)
      return document.body.clientHeight; // IE4
  },

  document_height: function () {
    var sh, oh;

    sh = document.body.scrollHeight;
    oh = document.body.offsetHeight;

    if (sh && oh)
    {
      return (sh > oh ? sh : oh);
    }

    // no idea!
    return 0;
  },

  smaller: function () {
    if (w3c_slidy.size_index > 0)
    {
      --w3c_slidy.size_index;
    }

    w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "none";
    document.body.style.fontSize = w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index];
    var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
    w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
    w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
    setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, 50);
  },

  bigger: function () {
    if (w3c_slidy.size_index < w3c_slidy.sizes.length - 1)
    {
      ++w3c_slidy.size_index;
    }

    w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "none";
    document.body.style.fontSize = w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index];
    var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
    w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
    w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
    setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, 50);
  },

  // enables cross browser use of relative width/height
  // on object elements for use with SVG and Flash media
  // with thanks to Ivan Herman for the suggestion
  adjust_object_dimensions: function (width, height) {
    for( var i = 0; i < w3c_slidy.objects.length; i++ )
    {
      var obj = this.objects[i];
      var mimeType = obj.getAttribute("type");

      if (mimeType == "image/svg+xml" || mimeType == "application/x-shockwave-flash")
      {
        if ( !obj.initialWidth )
          obj.initialWidth = obj.getAttribute("width");

        if ( !obj.initialHeight )
          obj.initialHeight = obj.getAttribute("height");

        if ( obj.initialWidth && obj.initialWidth.charAt(obj.initialWidth.length-1) == "%" )
        {
          var w = parseInt(obj.initialWidth.slice(0, obj.initialWidth.length-1));
          var newW = width * (w/100.0);
          obj.setAttribute("width",newW);
        }

        if ( obj.initialHeight &&
             obj.initialHeight.charAt(obj.initialHeight.length-1) == "%" )
        {
          var h = parseInt(obj.initialHeight.slice(0, obj.initialHeight.length-1));
          var newH = height * (h/100.0);
          obj.setAttribute("height", newH);
        }
      }
    }
  },

  // needed for Opera to inhibit default behavior
  // since Opera delivers keyPress even if keyDown
  // was cancelled
  key_press: function (event) {
    if (!event)
      event = window.event;

    if (!w3c_slidy.key_wanted)
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);

    return true;
  },

  //  See e.g. http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events/keys.html for keycodes
  key_down: function (event) {
    var key;

    w3c_slidy.key_wanted = true;

    if (!event)
      event = window.event;

    // kludge around NS/IE differences
    if (window.event)
      key = window.event.keyCode;
    else if (event.which)
      key = event.which;
    else
      return true; // Yikes! unknown browser

    // ignore event if key value is zero
    // as for alt on Opera and Konqueror
    if (!key)
       return true;

    // check for concurrent control/command/alt key
    // but are these only present on mouse events?

    if (event.ctrlKey || event.altKey || event.metaKey)
       return true;

    // dismiss table of contents if visible
    if (w3c_slidy.is_shown_toc() && key != 9 && key != 16 && key != 38 && key != 40)
    {
      w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();

      if (key == 27 || key == 84 || key == 67)
        return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }

    if (key == 34) // Page Down
    {
      if (w3c_slidy.view_all)
        return true;

      w3c_slidy.next_slide(false);
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 33) // Page Up
    {
      if (w3c_slidy.view_all)
        return true;

      w3c_slidy.previous_slide(false);
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 32) // space bar
    {
      w3c_slidy.next_slide(true);
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 37) // Left arrow
    {
      w3c_slidy.previous_slide(!event.shiftKey);
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 36) // Home
    {
      w3c_slidy.first_slide();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 35) // End
    {
      w3c_slidy.last_slide();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 39) // Right arrow
    {
      w3c_slidy.next_slide(!event.shiftKey);
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 13) // Enter
    {
      if (w3c_slidy.outline)
      {
        if (w3c_slidy.outline.visible)
          w3c_slidy.fold(w3c_slidy.outline);
        else
          w3c_slidy.unfold(w3c_slidy.outline);

       return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
      }
    }
    else if (key == 188)  // < for smaller fonts
    {
      w3c_slidy.smaller();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 190)  // > for larger fonts
    {
      w3c_slidy.bigger();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 189 || key == 109)  // - for smaller fonts
    {
      w3c_slidy.smaller();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 187 || key == 191 || key == 107)  // = +  for larger fonts
    {
      w3c_slidy.bigger();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 83)  // S for smaller fonts
    {
      w3c_slidy.smaller();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 66)  // B for larger fonts
    {
      w3c_slidy.bigger();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 90)  // Z for last slide
    {
      w3c_slidy.last_slide();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 70)  // F for toggle toolbar
    {
      w3c_slidy.toggle_toolbar();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 65)  // A for toggle view single/all slides
    {
      w3c_slidy.toggle_view();
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 75)  // toggle action of left click for next page
    {
      w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled = !w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled;
      var alert_msg = (w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled ?
                "enabled" : "disabled") +  " mouse click advance";

      alert(alert_msg.localize());
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 84 || key == 67)  // T or C for table of contents
    {
      if (w3c_slidy.toc)
        w3c_slidy.toggle_table_of_contents();

      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    else if (key == 72) // H for help
    {
      window.location = w3c_slidy.help_page;
      return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
    }
    //else alert("key code is "+ key);

    return true;
  },

  // safe for both text/html and application/xhtml+xml
  create_element: function (name) {
    if (this.xhtml && (typeof document.createElementNS != 'undefined'))
      return document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml", name)

    return document.createElement(name);
  },

  get_element_style: function (elem, IEStyleProp, CSSStyleProp) {
    if (elem.currentStyle)
    {
      return elem.currentStyle[IEStyleProp];
    }
    else if (window.getComputedStyle)
    {
      var compStyle = window.getComputedStyle(elem, "");
      return compStyle.getPropertyValue(CSSStyleProp);
    }
    return "";
  },

  // the string str is a whitespace separated list of tokens
  // test if str contains a particular token, e.g. "slide"
  has_token: function (str, token) {
    if (str)
    {
      // define pattern as regular expression
      var pattern = /\w+/g;

      // check for matches
      // place result in array
      var result = str.match(pattern);

      // now check if desired token is present
      for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++)
      {
        if (result[i] == token)
          return true;
      }
    }

    return false;
  },

  get_class_list: function (element) {
    if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
      return element.className;

    return element.getAttribute("class");
  },

  has_class: function (element, name) {
    if (element.nodeType != 1)
      return false;

    var regexp = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "\W*");

    if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
      return regexp.test(element.className);

    return regexp.test(element.getAttribute("class"));
  },

  remove_class: function (element, name) {
    var regexp = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "\W*");
    var clsval = "";

    if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
    {
      clsval = element.className;

      if (clsval)
      {
        clsval = clsval.replace(regexp, "");
        element.className = clsval;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      clsval = element.getAttribute("class");

      if (clsval)
      {
        clsval = clsval.replace(regexp, "");
        element.setAttribute("class", clsval);
      }
    }
  },

  add_class: function (element, name) {
    if (!this.has_class(element, name))
    {
      if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
        element.className += " " + name;
      else
      {
        var clsval = element.getAttribute("class");
        clsval = clsval ? clsval + " " + name : name;
        element.setAttribute("class", clsval);
      }
    }
  },

  // HTML elements that can be used with class="incremental"
  // note that you can also put the class on containers like
  // up, ol, dl, and div to make their contents appear
  // incrementally. Upper case is used since this is what
  // browsers report for HTML node names (text/html).
  incremental_elements: null,
  okay_for_incremental: function (name) {
    if (!this.incremental_elements)
    {
      var inclist = new Array();
      inclist["p"] = true;
      inclist["pre"] = true;
      inclist["li"] = true;
      inclist["blockquote"] = true;
      inclist["dt"] = true;
      inclist["dd"] = true;
      inclist["h2"] = true;
      inclist["h3"] = true;
      inclist["h4"] = true;
      inclist["h5"] = true;
      inclist["h6"] = true;
      inclist["span"] = true;
      inclist["address"] = true;
      inclist["table"] = true;
      inclist["tr"] = true;
      inclist["th"] = true;
      inclist["td"] = true;
      inclist["img"] = true;
      inclist["object"] = true;
      this.incremental_elements = inclist;
    }
    return this.incremental_elements[name.toLowerCase()];
  },

  next_incremental_item: function (node) {
    var br = this.is_xhtml ? "br" : "BR";
    var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];

    for (;;)
    {
      node = w3c_slidy.next_node(slide, node);

      if (node == null || node.parentNode == null)
        break;

      if (node.nodeType == 1)  // ELEMENT
      {
        if (node.nodeName == br)
          continue;

        if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "incremental")
             && w3c_slidy.okay_for_incremental(node.nodeName))
          return node;

        if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node.parentNode, "incremental")
             && !w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "non-incremental"))
          return node;
      }
    }

    return node;
  },

  previous_incremental_item: function (node) {
    var br = this.is_xhtml ? "br" : "BR";
    var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];

    for (;;)
    {
      node = w3c_slidy.previous_node(slide, node);

      if (node == null || node.parentNode == null)
        break;

      if (node.nodeType == 1)
      {
        if (node.nodeName == br)
          continue;

        if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "incremental")
             && w3c_slidy.okay_for_incremental(node.nodeName))
          return node;

        if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node.parentNode, "incremental")
             && !w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "non-incremental"))
          return node;
      }
    }

    return node;
  },

  // set visibility for all elements on current slide with
  // a parent element with attribute class="incremental"
  set_visibility_all_incremental: function (value) {
    var node = this.next_incremental_item(null);

    if (value == "hidden")
    {
      while (node)
      {
        w3c_slidy.add_class(node, "invisible");
        node = w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(node);
      }
    }
    else // value == "visible"
    {
      while (node)
      {
        w3c_slidy.remove_class(node, "invisible");
        node = w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(node);
      }
    }
  },

  // reveal the next hidden item on the slide
  // node is null or the node that was last revealed
  reveal_next_item: function (node) {
    node = w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(node);

    if (node && node.nodeType == 1)  // an element
      w3c_slidy.remove_class(node, "invisible");

    return node;
  },

  // exact inverse of revealNextItem(node)
  hide_previous_item: function (node) {
    if (node && node.nodeType == 1)  // an element
      w3c_slidy.add_class(node, "invisible");

    return this.previous_incremental_item(node);
  },

  // left to right traversal of root's content
  next_node: function (root, node) {
    if (node == null)
      return root.firstChild;

    if (node.firstChild)
      return node.firstChild;

    if (node.nextSibling)
      return node.nextSibling;

    for (;;)
    {
      node = node.parentNode;

      if (!node || node == root)
        break;

      if (node && node.nextSibling)
        return node.nextSibling;
    }

    return null;
  },

  // right to left traversal of root's content
  previous_node: function (root, node) {
    if (node == null)
    {
      node = root.lastChild;

      if (node)
      {
        while (node.lastChild)
          node = node.lastChild;
      }

      return node;
    }

    if (node.previousSibling)
    {
      node = node.previousSibling;

      while (node.lastChild)
        node = node.lastChild;

      return node;
    }

    if (node.parentNode != root)
      return node.parentNode;

    return null;
  },

  previous_sibling_element: function (el) {
    el = el.previousSibling;

    while (el && el.nodeType != 1)
      el = el.previousSibling;

    return el;
  },

  next_sibling_element: function (el) {
    el = el.nextSibling;

    while (el && el.nodeType != 1)
      el = el.nextSibling;

    return el;
  },

  first_child_element: function (el) {
    var node;

    for (node = el.firstChild; node; node = node.nextSibling)
    {
      if (node.nodeType == 1)
        break;
    }

    return node;
  },

  first_tag: function (element, tag) {
    var node;

    if (!this.is_xhtml)
      tag = tag.toUpperCase();

    for (node = element.firstChild; node; node = node.nextSibling)
    {
      if (node.nodeType == 1 && node.nodeName == tag)
        break;
    }

    return node;
  },

  hide_selection: function () {
    if (window.getSelection) // Firefox, Chromium, Safari, Opera
    {
      var selection = window.getSelection();

      if (selection.rangeCount > 0)
      {
        var range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
        range.collapse (false);
      }
    }
    else // Internet Explorer
    {
      var textRange = document.selection.createRange ();
      textRange.collapse (false);
    }
  },

  get_selected_text: function () {
    try
    {
      if (window.getSelection)
        return window.getSelection().toString();

      if (document.getSelection)
        return document.getSelection().toString();

      if (document.selection)
        return document.selection.createRange().text;
    }
    catch (e)
    {
    }

    return "";
  },

  // make note of length of selected text
  // as this evaluates to zero in click event
  mouse_button_up: function (e) {
    w3c_slidy.selected_text_len = w3c_slidy.get_selected_text().length;
  },

  // right mouse button click is reserved for context menus
  // it is more reliable to detect rightclick than leftclick
  mouse_button_click: function (e) {
    var rightclick = false;
    var leftclick = false;
    var middleclick = false;
    var target;

    if (!e)
      var e = window.event;

    if (e.target)
      target = e.target;
    else if (e.srcElement)
      target = e.srcElement;

    // work around Safari bug
    if (target.nodeType == 3)
      target = target.parentNode;

    if (e.which) // all browsers except IE
    {
      leftclick = (e.which == 1);
      middleclick = (e.which == 2);
      rightclick = (e.which == 3);
    }
    else if (e.button)
    {
      // Konqueror gives 1 for left, 4 for middle
      // IE6 gives 0 for left and not 1 as I expected

      if (e.button == 4)
        middleclick = true;

      // all browsers agree on 2 for right button
      rightclick = (e.button == 2);
    }
    else leftclick = true;
/*
    alert("you clicked over a " + target.nodeName + " element\n" +
    "w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled = " + w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled + "\n" +
    "leftclick = " + leftclick + "\n" +
    "selected text length = " + w3c_slidy.selected_text_len);
    //alert("selected text length = " + w3c_slidy.selected_text_len);
*/
    if (w3c_slidy.selected_text_len > 0)
    {
      w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
      e.cancel = true;
      e.returnValue = false;
      return false;
    }

    // dismiss table of contents
    w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();

    // check if target is something that probably want's clicks
    // e.g. a, embed, object, input, textarea, select, option
    var tag = target.nodeName.toLowerCase();

    if (w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled && leftclick &&
        tag != "a" &&
        tag != "embed" &&
        tag != "object" &&
        tag != "video" &&
        tag != "input" &&
        tag != "textarea" &&
        tag != "select" &&
        tag != "option" &&
        !target.onclick)
    {
      w3c_slidy.next_slide(true);
      w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
      e.cancel = true;
      e.returnValue = false;
      return false;
    }
  },

  get_key: function (e)
  {
    var key;

    // kludge around NS/IE differences
    if (typeof window.event != "undefined")
      key = window.event.keyCode;
    else if (e.which)
      key = e.which;

    return key;
  },

  get_target: function (e) {
    var target;

    if (!e)
      e = window.event;

    if (e.target)
      target = e.target;
    else if (e.srcElement)
      target = e.srcElement;

    if (target.nodeType != 1)
      target = target.parentNode;

    return target;
  },

  // does display property provide correct defaults?
  is_block: function (elem) {
    var tag = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();

    return tag == "ol" || tag == "ul" || tag == "p" ||
           tag == "li" || tag == "table" || tag == "pre" ||
           tag == "h1" || tag == "h2" || tag == "h3" ||
           tag == "h4" || tag == "h5" || tag == "h6" ||
           tag == "blockquote" || tag == "address";
  },

  add_listener: function (element, event, handler) {
    if (window.addEventListener)
      element.addEventListener(event, handler, false);
    else
      element.attachEvent("on"+event, handler);
  },

  // used to prevent event propagation from field controls
  stop_propagation: function (event) {
    event = event ? event : window.event;
    event.cancelBubble = true;  // for IE

    if (event.stopPropagation)
      event.stopPropagation();

    return true;
  },

  cancel: function (event) {
    if (event)
    {
       event.cancel = true;
       event.returnValue = false;

      if (event.preventDefault)
        event.preventDefault();
    }

    w3c_slidy.key_wanted = false;
    return false;
  }
};

// for each language define an associative array
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    "restart?":"Inizio"
  },
  help_it:
    "Navigare con mouse, barra spazio, frecce sinistra/destra o " +
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  strings_el: {
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    "help?":"βοήθεια;",
    "contents?":"περιεχόμενα;",
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    "Πλοηγηθείτε με το κλίκ του ποντικιού, το space, τα βέλη αριστερά/δεξιά, " +
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  strings_ja: {
    "slide":"スライド",
    "help?":"ヘルプ",
    "contents?":"目次",
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    "Table of Contents":"目次",
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    "restart?":"最初から"
  },
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    "slide":"幻灯片",
    "help?":"帮助?",
    "contents?":"内容?",
    "table of contents":"目录",
    "Table of Contents":"目录",
    "restart presentation":"重新启动展示",
    "restart?":"重新启动?"
  },
  help_zh:
    "用鼠标点击, 空格条, 左右箭头, Pg Up 和 Pg Dn 导航. " +
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    "help?":"помощь?",
    "contents?":"содержание?",
    "table of contents":"оглавление",
    "Table of Contents":"Оглавление",
    "restart presentation":"перезапустить презентацию",
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  },
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  },
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/*]]>*/
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</head>
<body class="article" style="max-width:45em">
<div id="header" class="slide">
<h1>OsmoBTS phy_link / phy_instance</h1>
<span id="author">Harald Welte</span><br />
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_multiple_transceivers_in_osmocom">Multiple Transceivers in Osmocom</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
First OpenBSC supported BTS Siemens BS-11 was 2-TRX
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
OpenBSC (OsmoNITB) had multi-trx support from the very beginngin
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<span>
ip.access nanoBTS can be stacked for multi-TRX
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
OpenBSC (OsmoNITB) has supported this for many yeasr
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<span>
Classic OsmoBTS was single-TRX
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-trx</em> was extended with 2 TRX support but not in master
  until recently
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_osmobts_supported_hardware_currently">OsmoBTS supported hardware (currently)</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-sysmo</em> for sysmoBTS (1002/1020/1100)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-trx</em> for OsmoTRX (UmTRX, USRP, &#8230;)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-octphy</em> for Octasic OCTDSP / OCTPHY-2G
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-litecell15</em> for Nuran Litecell 1.5
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_osmo_bts_sysmo">osmo-bts-sysmo</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-sysmo</em> for sysmoBTS (1002/1020/1100)
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
shared memory message queues between PHY-DSP and ARM core
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
DSP can only implement a single TRX. MultiTRX can be achieved by
   stacking like in nanoBTS
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
would require one OsmoBTS per sysmoBTS board, each handling one TRX
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
OML router needed to route OML to different boards
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
OsmoBTS would need to be able to run a TRX without BCCH
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_osmo_bts_trx">osmo-bts-trx</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-trx</em> for OsmoTRX (UmTRX, USRP, &#8230;)
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
had two-trx support in fairwaves branch
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
assumes two soft TRXs in a single "transceiver" program (OsmoTRX)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
has lots of global variables assuming a single transceiver program
   handling all TRXs :(
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_osmo_bts_litecell">osmo-bts-litecell</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-litecell15</em> for Nuran Litecell 1.5
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
shared memory message queues between PHY-DSP and ARM core
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
very similar to osmo-bts-sysm, but:
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
has two TRXs available to ARM CPU
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_osmo_bts_octphy">osmo-bts-octphy</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
<em>osmo-bts-octphy</em> for Octasic OCTDSP / OCTPHY-2G
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
various different hardware boards (OCBTS3000/3500/4000) with
   different number of DSPs and radios
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
DSPs interconnected with ARM/x86 CPU over Ethernet
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
There can be multiple DSPs, each with two radios and multiiple
   software TRX
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
most flexible/versatile configuration
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
served as the blueprint for phy_link/phy_instance abstraction
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_phy_link_phy_instance">phy_link / phy_instance</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<div class="imageblock graphviz">
<div class="content">
<img src="osmobts-phy__1.png" alt="osmobts-phy__1.png" />
</div>
</div>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
above hierarchy exists independent of the BTS/TRX/TS/lchan hierarchy
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
every TRX gets mapped to a phy_instance
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_phy_link">PHY link</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
A PHY link is a physical connection / link towards a given PHY.
  This might be, for example,
</span>
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
a set of file descriptors to device nodes in the /dev/ directory
   (sysmobts, litecell15)
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
a packet socket for sending raw Ethernet frames to an OCTPHY
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
a set of UDP sockets for interacting with OsmoTRX
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<span>
Each PHY links has a set of attribute/parameters and a list of 1 to n PHY instances.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
PHY links are numbered 0..n globally inside OsmoBTS.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
Each PHY link is configured via the VTY using its individual top-level
  vty node.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
The PHY links and instances must be configured above the BTS/TRX nodes in the configuration file.  If the file is saved via the VTY, the code automatically ensures this.
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_phy_instance">PHY instance</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<ul class="">
<li>
<span>
A PHY instance is an instance of a PHY, accessed via a PHY link.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
In the case of osmo-bts-sysmo and osmo-bts-trx, there is only one
   instance in every PHY link.  This is due to the fact that the API
   inside that PHY link does not permit for distinguishing multiple
   different logical TRXs.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
Other PHY implementations like the OCTPHY however do support addressing multiple PHY instances via a single PHY link.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
PHY instances are numbered 0..n inside each PHY link.
</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>
Each PHY instance is configured via the VTY as a separate node beneath each PHY link.
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_mapping_phy_instances_to_trxs">Mapping PHY instances to TRXs</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each TRX node in the VTY must use the <em>phy N instance M</em> command in
order to specify which PHY instance is allocated to this specific TRX.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1 slide">
<h1 id="_the_end">The End</h1>
<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Questions?</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>