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authorHarald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>2015-10-25 21:00:20 +0100
committerHarald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>2015-10-25 21:00:20 +0100
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+
+gpl compliance in the embedded and mobile market
+
+introduction
+
+the traditional embedded [Linux] industry
+ is selling high-quality products for markets like industrial automatization
+ is typically composed by SME with very high skill level
+ typically has relatively low quantities and thus high price
+ typically has a relatively good reputation of GPL compliance
+ thus not really a big problem maker
+
+
+the mass-market embedded industry
+ has very long supply chains
+ very few entities in that chain understand the product
+ often unclear who truly originates a GPL violation
+ elements distributed over many jurisdictions
+
+
+how does that industry work
+ chipset maker develops a chipset for a given application
+ chipset maker develops Board Support Package (BSP)
+ some board-level maker produces a reference board
+ reference board + BSP are used by all other companies to build their products
+ some big OEM customers buy the products
+ not knowing or not asking what is in the product
+ the OEM sells its products through regular consumer electronics distributors
+
+
+how does that industry work, further complications
+ the BSP might not be provided by the chipset maker itself
+ they might have partnered with some other entity whom they might [erroneously?] think has better Linux skills
+ it might be an alternative 3rd party BSP
+ or it might be an improvement over the original BSP
+ the OEM might deliver its products to a telco or ISP who [sometimes exclusively] distributes the product bundled with its DSL / cable data services
+ the OEM might need to partner with some other company in order to get such an ISP/telco deal
+ any entity in the supply chain will push their own requirements down the chain
+ the board maker might not be able to have the skill, so they hire some 3rd party developers to hack the BSP to fulfill those requirements
+
+
+some other important facts about that industry
+ even those companies which you perceive as key players are nothing more than brands
+ most well-known names like D-Link, Linksys, Netgear, Belkin, ... don't do their own R&D
+ they purchase/source on a per-device basis, i.e. every device might come from a different supplier, each with its own [software] architecture
+ business relationships are very ad-hoc
+ e.g. at the time the consumer buys the product, the board maker might no longer do business with the BSP provider
+ thus, limited economic pressure can be excerted onto them
+ many of the companies in that industry apparently don't even have basic engineering policies like use of a revision control system, so they might e.g. have lost the source code at the time somebody requests it as part of GPL compliance
+
+
+specific problems we're seeing
+ an incredible amount of technical incompetence
+ almost nobody in the supply chain understands the product and its software architecture / components
+ this leads to incomplete source code releases that
+ don't have "complete corresponding source code" (GPLv2)
+ scripts to control compilation and installation
+ thus are impossible to actually compile into object code
+ contain GPL violations in itself (derivative works with proprietary components)
+
+
+
personal git repositories of Harald Welte. Your mileage may vary