diff options
| author | Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org> | 2017-12-27 12:47:20 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org> | 2017-12-27 12:47:20 +0100 |
| commit | a0ab9dea57b6a6b17bd6bf0c2edd6d3d732a8f32 (patch) | |
| tree | debe0caf0dd03d7a1c6a5d714e76ad6b60043e91 | |
| parent | 8100f4975960f9dac3534cac97caca74b572bfc0 (diff) | |
initial checkin of 34c3 talk on BBSs
20 files changed, 6579 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b460df --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +all: bbs_early_internet.html + +bbs_early_internet.html: bbs_early_internet.adoc bbs_early_internet.css images/* + asciidoc -a stylesheet=$(PWD)/bbs_early_internet.css bbs_early_internet.adoc diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a027eb --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.adoc @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ +BBSs and Early Internet Access in Germany +========================================= +:author: Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org> +:copyright: 2017 by Harald Welte (License: CC-BY-SA) +:backend: slidy +:max-width: 45em + + +== Circuit Switched Telephony + +* Telephony from 1876 until ~ 1988 +* Analog voice circuit 300-3000 Hz +* Dial-up connection between A and B party +* Copper wires physically switched at intermediate telephone exchange +* Voice signal possibly amplified in the path + +== Hardware + +* Telephone +* Copper wire +* Telephone Exchange + +== Accoustic Coupler + +* First devices to transmit bits as audible tones over telephone +* User manually dialled phone number like voice call +* After call was established, both sides put receiver into coupler + +image:images/accoustic_coupler.jpg[width="50%"] + +== Modems + +Automatization of the accoustic coupler + +* Avoid speaker/micrphone path +* directly generate/receive tones on phone line +* directly dial the phone number / answer the line + +image:images/Modems.jpg[width="50%",float="right"] + +== Modem Speeds / Standards + +[width="50%",options="header"] +|====== +|Standard|Rate (bps)|Year created +|V.21 |300 |1962* +|V.22 |1200 |1980* +|V.22bis |2400 |1984* +|V.32 |9600 |1984* +|V.32bis |14400 |1991 +|V.32ter |19200 |1993 +|V.34 |28000 |1994 +|V.34bis |33600 |1996 +|V.90 |56000 |1998 +|====== + + +== BBSs + +What's a BBS? + +* Computer with Modem accepting incoming calls +* offering interactive service to users who dial in + +== Content + +* bulletin boards / message boards +* live chat with sysop (or other users in multi-line BBS) +* multi-user games (text based!) +* file areas / downloads +* ASCII / ANSI artwork + +image:images/dosbox-telemate-login.png[width="50%"] + +== Technology/Software + +* Both sides: Computer + Modem +* BBS Side +** BBS Software +** often extended by "doors" (external programs, think of CGI for web) +* User Side +** Terminal Program (e.g. TELIX, Telemate for DOS) + +image:images/telemate.jpg[width="50%"] + + +== The "BBS Protocol Stack" + +In the spirit of protocol stack diagrams... + +image:images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg[width="80%"] + + +== Curiosity: Vector Graphics + +* BBSs were typically all Text, mostly ANSI CP437 charset +* RIP (Remote Imaging Protocol) / RIPscrip introduced vector graphics +** RIPscrip introduced in 1992 (by TeleGrafix) +*** Commands like ``!|w00001B0M10'' to draw vector graphics over Modem +** RIPterm as terminal program for EGA (640x350) + +image:images/Nouveau.png[] + +== Isolated BBSs + +To participate in bulletin/message boards + +* Users log in at different times +* BBS is busy while a user is logged in +* Multiple modems / phone lines is one (expensive) option to scale +* Time limit per User (minutes/day) often used + +== Points / Offline Messages + +* Users don't read/write interactively during active modem call +* Messages get written offline and compressed/batched during short call + +Advantages: + +* lower cost (shorter phone calls, metered!) +* shorter connection per user +* BBS can scale to more users this way + +image:images/xpmenu.gif[width="60%"] + +== BBS networks (store + forward) + +Idea: Replicate bulletin / message boards between independent BBSs, for + +* scalability in number of users +* scalability in geographic scope +** most users will prefer least-expensive local calls to long-distance +* efficient transport over long distance due to routing/forwarding of compressed batches + +== BBS network technology (examples) + +* FIDO (Netmail + Echomail) +** Othernets like TrekNet, GerNet using same FTN technology +* Z-Netz (Mail + News) +** T-Netz, CL-Netz +* UUCP (Usenet Mail + News) +** Often only way to access "Internet" before IP access was available +* MausNet - Münster Apple User Service +** used by up to 120 BBSs in DE / AT / CH + +== Example: FIDOnet + +* Starts in 1984 with two BBSs +* Initial limit of 250 nodes reached in 1985 +* Hierarchic, Regoinal routing/Adressing introduced in 1986 +** Nodelist defines all nodes of the network + hierarchy +* Addresses like "Harald Welte @ 2:2490/1343" +* Up to 39,000 nodes in 1996, estimated 2 Million users world-wide + +== Example: Z-Netz + +* Started as Zerberus-Netz implemented in Zerberus Software +* Later renamed to Z-Netz as the ZConnect protocol was implemented in other software +** Standards defined based on perceived complexity of RFCs and Usenet/UUCP +* CrossPoint (DOS) most popular point software for ZConnect +* Addresses like H.WELTE@SILVER, later H.WELTE@SILVER.zer + +== Example: UseNet + +* Established in 1980 in the US +* Uses UUCP (Unix-to-Unix-Copy) as transport mechanism over Modmes +** UUCP was created in the 1970ies and used to copy files, including Internet Mal +* Usenet News format (RFC850) designed very similar to Internet Mail (RFC822) +* Hierarchy of News Groups that gets replicated / flooded accross the network +* Routing defined in route maps + +== Curiosity: Floppy Poll/Point + +* Not everyone had a phone line in the 1990ies +** particularly Eastern Germany had big lack of phone lines +* Some people thus exchanged daily floppies in evenlopes and mailed them as postal letters +* Messages arrived about one day later, but with 1-2 days latency even inside the dial-up store-and-forward network, it hardly matters + +image:images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png[width="30%"] + +== Internet + +Early ways to access Internet: + +* Mail/News via UUCP (as stated earlier) +* Dial-Up Modem to a TTY of a Unix machine connected to TCP/IP +** Often workstations at universities. You could then run FTP, IRC, telnet, Gopher on the test console +* ftp-mailers +** a FTP client running on a remote machine, whose input/output is used by e-mail +** you send a mail with "ftp ftp.sun.com" and "ls" +** hours or days later you get the list of files +** you respond with cd / get / ... +** hours later you get the file as batch of UUencoded mails + +== Internet with SLIP + +* if you had dial-up access to a Unix box +* you could run SLIP on both sides, transporting IP over the modem line +** IP. At home. In your apartment !!1! +* later superseded by PPP (auto-configuration, authentication, compression, ...) + + +== ISDN + +* Digital Circuit-Switched Telephony Network +** Transport of Digital Voice (PCM) audio and transparent digital data +* Germany +** 1989 put in operation +** Until 1993 German 1TR6 system +** From 1994 European E-DSS1 +** Hugely popularized from 1995 by subsidies + +== ISDN Terminal Adapter + +* ISDN is an all-digital network +* No modulator / demodulator required +* Instead, so-called _terminal adapter_ +* Speeds: 64000 (single B-channel) or 128000 (both B-channels) +* V.110 as adaptation to do async serial over sync ISDN (1988) + +image:images/isdn.jpg[width="50%"] + +== How to get Internet Access? + +* Hard to access in early/mid 1990ies outside of academia +* Almost no commercial ISPs (XLink, EUnet) - and very expensive +* Grass-Roots groups of enthusiasts established themselves +* Kommunikationsnetz Franken e.V. (KNF, franken.de) one of them +** dial-up UUCP and shortly later IP for personal, non-commercial users +** POPs in Nürnberg, Fürth, Erlangen, Forchheim, Würzburg, Regensburg, ... +** Every user got 6 static IP addresses routed to wherever he dialed in (OSPF!) +** served ~ 800 users / members at peak + +== Individual Network (IN) e.V. + +* Umbrella Association established in 1992 +** Goal to help regional member associations with negotiating framework contracts +** Actual technical access via WiN/DFN, XLink, EUnet +** Regional Member Associations include Oche, Augusta, Escape, IN-Berlin, Hanse, INKA, Toppoint, muc.de, IN-Passau, ThurNet, MAUS, CL-Net and many more +** IN members served more than 300,000 users at one point +** Dissolved in 2000, when +*** commercial ISPs were widespread, and +*** remaining IN member organizations could get decend connectivity with IN e.V. + +== Internet + +With packet-switched TCP-IP + +* you just needed to dial one number +* and then access systems world-wide + +This brought new purpose to leased lines + +== Analog Leased Lines + +* Telephone operator permanently interconnects wires at exchange +* No signaling (dialtone/ringtone etc) +* Requires modems with special capabilities +** ATA without an incoming ring first +** ATD without a dialtone first +* In Germany: "Analog G" of Post/Telekom +** I finally could afford one in 1998 +** 900 DM installation cost +* 180 DM per month (60 DM per hop) + +== hub-nbg.franken.de, 1998 + +image:images/pict3_Lg.jpg[] + + +== ISDN Leased Lines "SPV" + +* Not really a leased line +* Basically only "flat rate calls" to one specific (fixed) destination +* Available in national 1TR6 only + +== Abusing Analog Lines, Part 1 + +* ICU-T +** inverse of ISDN NTBA +** ISDN BRI (2x64k + 16k) over 12km of telephone line +* Special ISDN routers without signaling to use even 16k D-channel for data! + +Easy upgrade to get performance of a leased ISDN line out of an Analog-G + +== Leased Lines at KNF, 1997/1998 + +[graphviz] +---- +include::images/knf-leased_lines.dot[] +---- + +== hub-fue.franken.de, undated + +image:images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg[] + +== hub-fue.franken.de, undated + +image:images/hub-fue-04_Lg.jpg[] + +== Abusing Analog Lines, Part 2 + +When the first DSL modems became availale in the US + +* we imported some Ascend DSLpipe +* with some fimrwares, they could be used back-to-back (without DSLAM) +* suddenly we could get speeds of 2.3 MBps over analog lines +** if they were not too long +** if they didn't have in-line inductors +* soon less expensive alternatives came up Pairgain (2000) + +image:images/ascend.jpg[width="50%"] + +== From Online Bistro to Internet Cafe + +* Falken's Maze was an _Online Bistro_ established in the 1990ies +** I became a regular around 1994 +* initially had four DOS PCs, each with a Modem, dedicated phone line and a call charge meter +** you could go there, eat + drink and use the PCs to log into BBSs +* quickly became preferred meeting point of various nerds, BBS users, SYSOP meetings, etc. +* PCs were networked with 10base2 and NetWare (DOOM!) +* people started to dial into CompuServe, AOL, etc. +* Internet became more popular, Falken's Maze started subsidiary in Nuernberg +** ISDN SPV was used as Internet uplink + + +== Conclusions + +* The first decade[s] of wide-area electronics communications was powered by a community of enthusiasts +* BBS community / culture is a distinct sub-culture. Different norms than HAM radio, Hackers, Free Software, but lots of overlap + + +== Further Reading + +* http://telnetbbsguide.com/ +** list of active telnet BBSs +* http://qodem.sourceforge.net/ +** FOSS multi-platform terminal program +* http://artscene.textfiles.com/ansi/ +** Archive of ANSI Artwork +* http://www.filegate.net/nodelist/ +** FIDO nodelist of 2017 + +== EOF + +End of File diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bacb74e --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/bbs_early_internet.html @@ -0,0 +1,5068 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+}
+
+th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
+ vertical-align: middle;
+}
+th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
+ vertical-align: bottom;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * manpage specific
+ *
+ * */
+
+body.manpage h1 {
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+ border-top: 2px solid silver;
+ border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
+}
+body.manpage h2 {
+ border-style: none;
+}
+body.manpage div.sectionbody {
+ margin-left: 3em;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
+}
+/* slidy.css
+
+ Copyright (c) 2005-2010 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.
+ W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing
+ rules apply, see:
+
+ http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents
+ http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software
+*/
+
+/*
+ SJR: 2010-09-29: Modified for AsciiDoc slidy backend.
+ Mostly just commented out stuff that is handled by AsciiDoc's CSS files.
+*/
+
+body
+{
+ margin: 0 0 0 0;
+ padding: 0 0 0 0;
+ width: 100%;
+ height: 100%;
+ color: black;
+ background-color: white;
+/*
+ font-family: "Gill Sans MT", "Gill Sans", GillSans, sans-serif;
+*/
+ font-size: 14pt;
+}
+
+div.toolbar {
+ position: fixed; z-index: 200;
+ top: auto; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
+ height: 1.2em; text-align: right;
+ padding-left: 1em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ font-size: 60%;
+ color: red;
+ background-color: rgb(240,240,240);
+ border-top: solid 1px rgb(180,180,180);
+}
+
+div.toolbar span.copyright {
+ color: black;
+ margin-left: 0.5em;
+}
+
+div.initial_prompt {
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: 1000;
+ bottom: 1.2em;
+ width: 90%;
+ background-color: rgb(200,200,200);
+ opacity: 0.35;
+ background-color: rgb(200,200,200, 0.35);
+ cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+div.initial_prompt p.help {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+div.initial_prompt p.close {
+ text-align: right;
+ font-style: italic;
+}
+
+div.slidy_toc {
+ position: absolute;
+ z-index: 300;
+ width: 60%;
+ max-width: 30em;
+ height: 30em;
+ overflow: auto;
+ top: auto;
+ right: auto;
+ left: 4em;
+ bottom: 4em;
+ padding: 1em;
+ background: rgb(240,240,240);
+ border-style: solid;
+ border-width: 2px;
+ font-size: 60%;
+}
+
+div.slidy_toc .toc_heading {
+ text-align: center;
+ width: 100%;
+ margin: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+ border-bottom-style: solid;
+ border-bottom-color: rgb(180,180,180);
+ border-bottom-width: 1px;
+}
+
+div.slide {
+ z-index: 20;
+ margin: 0 0 0 0;
+ padding-top: 0;
+ padding-bottom: 0;
+ padding-left: 20px;
+ padding-right: 20px;
+ border-width: 0;
+ clear: both;
+ top: 0;
+ bottom: 0;
+ left: 0;
+ right: 0;
+ line-height: 120%;
+ background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+div.background {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+div.handout {
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ margin-right: 20px;
+}
+
+div.slide.titlepage {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+div.slide.titlepage.h1 {
+ padding-top: 10%;
+}
+
+div.slide h1 {
+ padding-left: 0;
+ padding-right: 20pt;
+ padding-top: 4pt;
+ padding-bottom: 4pt;
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-left: 0;
+ margin-right: 60pt;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ display: block;
+ font-size: 160%;
+ line-height: 1.2em;
+ background: transparent;
+}
+
+div.toc {
+ position: absolute;
+ top: auto;
+ bottom: 4em;
+ left: 4em;
+ right: auto;
+ width: 60%;
+ max-width: 30em;
+ height: 30em;
+ border: solid thin black;
+ padding: 1em;
+ background: rgb(240,240,240);
+ color: black;
+ z-index: 300;
+ overflow: auto;
+ display: block;
+ visibility: visible;
+}
+
+div.toc-heading {
+ width: 100%;
+ border-bottom: solid 1px rgb(180,180,180);
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+/*
+pre {
+ font-size: 80%;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ line-height: 120%;
+ padding-top: 0.2em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.2em;
+ padding-left: 1em;
+ padding-right: 1em;
+ border-style: solid;
+ border-left-width: 1em;
+ border-top-width: thin;
+ border-right-width: thin;
+ border-bottom-width: thin;
+ border-color: #95ABD0;
+ color: #00428C;
+ background-color: #E4E5E7;
+}
+*/
+
+/*
+li pre { margin-left: 0; }
+
+blockquote { font-style: italic }
+
+img { background-color: transparent }
+
+p.copyright { font-size: smaller }
+*/
+
+.center { text-align: center }
+.footnote { font-size: smaller; margin-left: 2em; }
+
+/*
+a img { border-width: 0; border-style: none }
+*/
+
+a:visited { color: navy }
+a:link { color: navy }
+a:hover { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
+a:active { color: red; text-decoration: underline }
+
+a {text-decoration: none}
+.navbar a:link {color: white}
+.navbar a:visited {color: yellow}
+.navbar a:active {color: red}
+.navbar a:hover {color: red}
+
+/*
+ul { list-style-type: square; }
+ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
+ul ul ul { list-style-type: circle; }
+ul ul ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
+li { margin-left: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; }
+li li { font-size: 85%; font-style: italic }
+li li li { font-size: 85%; font-style: normal }
+*/
+
+div dt
+{
+ margin-left: 0;
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+div dd
+{
+ margin-left: 2em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+
+/*
+p,pre,ul,ol,blockquote,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,dl,table {
+ margin-left: 1em;
+ margin-right: 1em;
+}
+*/
+
+p.subhead { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 2em; }
+
+.smaller { font-size: smaller }
+.bigger { font-size: 130% }
+
+/*
+td,th { padding: 0.2em }
+*/
+
+ul {
+ margin: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em;
+ padding: 0;
+}
+
+ol {
+ margin: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em;
+ padding: 0;
+}
+
+ul { list-style-type: square; }
+ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
+ul ul ul { list-style-type: circle; }
+ul ul ul ul { list-style-type: disc; }
+
+/*
+ul li {
+ list-style: square;
+ margin: 0.1em 0em 0.6em 0;
+ padding: 0 0 0 0;
+ line-height: 140%;
+}
+
+ol li {
+ margin: 0.1em 0em 0.6em 1.5em;
+ padding: 0 0 0 0px;
+ line-height: 140%;
+ list-style-type: decimal;
+}
+
+li ul li {
+ font-size: 85%;
+ font-style: italic;
+ list-style-type: disc;
+ background: transparent;
+ padding: 0 0 0 0;
+}
+li li ul li {
+ font-size: 85%;
+ font-style: normal;
+ list-style-type: circle;
+ background: transparent;
+ padding: 0 0 0 0;
+}
+li li li ul li {
+ list-style-type: disc;
+ background: transparent;
+ padding: 0 0 0 0;
+}
+
+li ol li {
+ list-style-type: decimal;
+}
+
+
+li li ol li {
+ list-style-type: decimal;
+}
+*/
+
+/*
+ setting class="outline" on ol or ul makes it behave as an
+ ouline list where blocklevel content in li elements is
+ hidden by default and can be expanded or collapsed with
+ mouse click. Set class="expand" on li to override default
+*/
+
+ol.outline li:hover { cursor: pointer }
+ol.outline li.nofold:hover { cursor: default }
+
+ul.outline li:hover { cursor: pointer }
+ul.outline li.nofold:hover { cursor: default }
+
+ol.outline { list-style:decimal; }
+ol.outline ol { list-style-type:lower-alpha }
+
+ol.outline li.nofold {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/nofold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ol.outline li.unfolded {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/fold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ol.outline li.folded {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ol.outline li.unfolded:hover {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/fold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ol.outline li.folded:hover {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+
+ul.outline li.nofold {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/nofold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ul.outline li.unfolded {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/fold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ul.outline li.folded {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold-dim.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ul.outline li.unfolded:hover {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/fold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+ul.outline li.folded:hover {
+ padding: 0 0 0 20px;
+ background: transparent url(../graphics/unfold.gif) no-repeat 0px 0.5em;
+}
+
+/* for slides with class "title" in table of contents */
+a.titleslide { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic }
+
+/*
+ hide images for work around for save as bug
+ where browsers fail to save images used by CSS
+*/
+img.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden }
+div.initial_prompt { display: none; visibility: hidden }
+
+ div.slide {
+ visibility: visible;
+ position: inherit;
+ }
+ div.handout {
+ border-top-style: solid;
+ border-top-width: thin;
+ border-top-color: black;
+ }
+
+@media screen {
+ .hidden { display: none; visibility: visible }
+
+ div.slide.hidden { display: block; visibility: visible }
+ div.handout.hidden { display: block; visibility: visible }
+ div.background { display: none; visibility: hidden }
+ body.single_slide div.initial_prompt { display: block; visibility: visible }
+ body.single_slide div.background { display: block; visibility: visible }
+ body.single_slide div.background.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden }
+ body.single_slide .invisible { visibility: hidden }
+ body.single_slide .hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden }
+ body.single_slide div.slide { position: absolute }
+ body.single_slide div.handout { display: none; visibility: hidden }
+}
+
+@media print {
+ .hidden { display: block; visibility: visible }
+
+/*
+ div.slide pre { font-size: 60%; padding-left: 0.5em; }
+*/
+ div.toolbar { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
+ div.slidy_toc { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
+ div.background { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
+ div.slide { page-break-before: always }
+ /* :first-child isn't reliable for print media */
+ div.slide.first-slide { page-break-before: avoid }
+}
+
+
+/* SJR: AsciiDoc slidy backend tweaks */
+
+ol, ul {
+ margin: 0.8em 1.5em 0.8em 1.8em;
+}
+li > ul, li > ol {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+}
+
+.outline > li.folded,
+.outline > li.unfolded {
+ color: #527bbd;
+}
+ul > li{ color: #aaa; }
+ul > li > *, ol > li > * { color: black; }
+
+li {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+
+div.change_topic {
+ display: flex;
+ align-items: center;
+ justify-content: center;
+}
+
+div.change_topic h1 {
+ text-align: center;
+ border-bottom-width: 0px;
+}
+
+div.gimmick_right img {
+ float: right;
+}
+
+div.qanda ol {
+ list-style-type: none;
+}
+
+.monospaced, code, pre {
+ color: black;
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
+ color: black;
+}
+
+em {
+ color: black;
+}
+</style>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+/*<![CDATA[*/
+/* slidy.js
+
+ Copyright (c) 2005-2010 W3C (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved.
+ W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing
+ rules apply, see:
+
+ http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents
+ http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software
+*/
+
+// the slidy object implementation
+var w3c_slidy = {
+ // classify which kind of browser we're running under
+ ns_pos: (typeof window.pageYOffset!='undefined'),
+ khtml: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("KHTML") >= 0 ? true : false),
+ opera: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("Opera") >= 0 ? true : false),
+ ipad: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("iPad") >= 0 ? true : false),
+ iphone: ((navigator.userAgent).indexOf("iPhone") >= 0 ? true : false),
+ ie: (typeof document.all != "undefined" && !this.opera),
+ ie6: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 6") != -1),
+ ie7: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 7") != -1),
+ ie8: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 8") != -1),
+ ie9: (!this.ns_pos && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 9") != -1),
+ keyboardless: (this.ipad || this.iphone),
+
+ // are we running as XHTML? (doesn't work on Opera)
+ is_xhtml: /xml/.test(document.contentType),
+
+ slide_number: 0, // integer slide count: 0, 1, 2, ...
+ slide_number_element: null, // element containing slide number
+ slides: [], // set to array of slide div's
+ notes: [], // set to array of handout div's
+ backgrounds: [], // set to array of background div's
+ toolbar: null, // element containing toolbar
+ title: null, // document title
+ last_shown: null, // last incrementally shown item
+ eos: null, // span element for end of slide indicator
+ toc: null, // table of contents
+ outline: null, // outline element with the focus
+ selected_text_len: 0, // length of drag selection on document
+ view_all: 0, // 1 to view all slides + handouts
+ want_toolbar: true, // user preference to show/hide toolbar
+ mouse_click_enabled: true, // enables left click for next slide
+ scroll_hack: 0, // IE work around for position: fixed
+ disable_slide_click: false, // used by clicked anchors
+
+ lang: "en", // updated to language specified by html file
+
+ help_anchor: null, // used for keyboard focus hack in showToolbar()
+ help_page: "http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy2/help/help.html",
+ help_text: "Navigate with mouse click, space bar, Cursor Left/Right, " +
+ "or Pg Up and Pg Dn. Use S and B to change font size.",
+
+ size_index: 0,
+ size_adjustment: 0,
+ sizes: new Array("10pt", "12pt", "14pt", "16pt", "18pt", "20pt",
+ "22pt", "24pt", "26pt", "28pt", "30pt", "32pt"),
+
+ // needed for efficient resizing
+ last_width: 0,
+ last_height: 0,
+
+
+ // Needed for cross browser support for relative width/height on
+ // object elements. The work around is to save width/height attributes
+ // and then to recompute absolute width/height dimensions on resizing
+ objects: [],
+
+ // attach initialiation event handlers
+ set_up: function () {
+ var init = function() { w3c_slidy.init(); };
+ if (typeof window.addEventListener != "undefined")
+ window.addEventListener("load", init, false);
+ else
+ window.attachEvent("onload", init);
+ },
+
+ hide_slides: function () {
+ if (document.body && !w3c_slidy.initialized)
+ document.body.style.visibility = "hidden";
+ else
+ setTimeout(w3c_slidy.hide_slides, 50);
+ },
+
+ // hack to persuade IE to compute correct document height
+ // as needed for simulating fixed positioning of toolbar
+ ie_hack: function () {
+ window.resizeBy(0,-1);
+ window.resizeBy(0, 1);
+ },
+
+ init: function () {
+ //alert("slidy starting test 10");
+ document.body.style.visibility = "visible";
+ w3c_slidy_i18n.init();
+ this.add_toolbar();
+ this.wrap_implicit_slides();
+ this.collect_slides();
+ this.collect_notes();
+ this.collect_backgrounds();
+ this.objects = document.body.getElementsByTagName("object");
+ this.patch_anchors();
+ this.slide_number = this.find_slide_number(location.href);
+ window.offscreenbuffering = true;
+ this.size_adjustment = this.find_size_adjust();
+ this.time_left = this.find_duration();
+ this.hide_image_toolbar(); // suppress IE image toolbar popup
+ this.init_outliner(); // activate fold/unfold support
+ this.title = document.title;
+
+ // work around for opera bug
+ this.is_xhtml = (document.body.tagName == "BODY" ? false : true);
+
+ if (this.slides.length > 0)
+ {
+ var slide = this.slides[this.slide_number];
+
+ if (this.slide_number > 0)
+ {
+ this.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
+ this.last_shown = this.previous_incremental_item(null);
+ this.set_eos_status(true);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ this.last_shown = null;
+ this.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
+ this.set_eos_status(!this.next_incremental_item(this.last_shown));
+ }
+
+ this.set_location();
+ this.add_class(this.slides[0], "first-slide");
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ }
+
+ this.toc = this.table_of_contents();
+
+ this.add_initial_prompt();
+
+ // bind event handlers without interfering with custom page scripts
+ // Tap events behave too weirdly to support clicks reliably on
+ // iPhone and iPad, so exclude these from click handler
+
+ if (!this.keyboardless)
+ this.add_listener(document.body, "click", this.mouse_button_click);
+
+ this.add_listener(document, "keydown", this.key_down);
+ this.add_listener(document, "keypress", this.key_press);
+ this.add_listener(window, "resize", this.resized);
+ this.add_listener(window, "scroll", this.scrolled);
+ this.add_listener(window, "unload", this.unloaded);
+
+ if (!document.body.onclick)
+ document.body.onclick = function () { };
+
+ this.single_slide_view();
+
+ //this.set_location();
+
+ this.resized();
+
+ if (this.ie7)
+ setTimeout(w3c_slidy.ie_hack, 100);
+
+ this.show_toolbar();
+
+ // for back button detection
+ setInterval(function () { w3c_slidy.check_location(); }, 200);
+ w3c_slidy.initialized = true;
+ },
+
+ // create div element with links to each slide
+ table_of_contents: function () {
+ var toc = this.create_element("div");
+ this.add_class(toc, "slidy_toc hidden");
+ //toc.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
+
+ var heading = this.create_element("div");
+ this.add_class(heading, "toc-heading");
+ heading.innerHTML = "Table of Contents".localize();
+
+ toc.appendChild(heading);
+ var previous = null;
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.slides.length; ++i)
+ {
+ var title = this.has_class(this.slides[i], "title");
+ var num = document.createTextNode((i + 1) + ". ");
+
+ toc.appendChild(num);
+
+ var a = this.create_element("a");
+ a.setAttribute("href", "#(" + (i+1) + ")");
+
+ if (title)
+ this.add_class(a, "titleslide");
+
+ var name = document.createTextNode(this.slide_name(i));
+ a.appendChild(name);
+ a.onclick = w3c_slidy.toc_click;
+ a.onkeydown = w3c_slidy.toc_keydown;
+ a.previous = previous;
+
+ if (previous)
+ previous.next = a;
+
+ toc.appendChild(a);
+
+ if (i == 0)
+ toc.first = a;
+
+ if (i < this.slides.length - 1)
+ {
+ var br = this.create_element("br");
+ toc.appendChild(br);
+ }
+
+ previous = a;
+ }
+
+ toc.focus = function () {
+ if (this.first)
+ this.first.focus();
+ }
+
+ toc.onmouseup = w3c_slidy.mouse_button_up;
+
+ toc.onclick = function (e) {
+ e||(e=window.event);
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.selected_text_len <= 0)
+ w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();
+
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+
+ if (e.cancel != undefined)
+ e.cancel = true;
+
+ if (e.returnValue != undefined)
+ e.returnValue = false;
+
+ return false;
+ };
+
+ document.body.insertBefore(toc, document.body.firstChild);
+ return toc;
+ },
+
+ is_shown_toc: function () {
+ return !w3c_slidy.has_class(w3c_slidy.toc, "hidden");
+ },
+
+ show_table_of_contents: function () {
+ w3c_slidy.remove_class(w3c_slidy.toc, "hidden");
+ var toc = w3c_slidy.toc;
+ toc.focus();
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.ie7 && w3c_slidy.slide_number == 0)
+ setTimeout(w3c_slidy.ie_hack, 100);
+ },
+
+ hide_table_of_contents: function () {
+ w3c_slidy.add_class(w3c_slidy.toc, "hidden");
+
+ if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
+ w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
+ },
+
+ toggle_table_of_contents: function () {
+ if (w3c_slidy.is_shown_toc())
+ w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();
+ else
+ w3c_slidy.show_table_of_contents();
+ },
+
+ // called on clicking toc entry
+ toc_click: function (e) {
+ if (!e)
+ e = window.event;
+
+ var target = w3c_slidy.get_target(e);
+
+ if (target && target.nodeType == 1)
+ {
+ var uri = target.getAttribute("href");
+
+ if (uri)
+ {
+ //alert("going to " + uri);
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.find_slide_number(uri);
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
+ w3c_slidy.set_location();
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ //target.focus();
+
+ try
+ {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
+ w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
+ }
+ catch (e)
+ {
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents(e);
+ if (w3c_slidy.ie7) w3c_slidy.ie_hack();
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(e);
+ },
+
+ // called onkeydown for toc entry
+ toc_keydown: function (event) {
+ var key;
+
+ if (!event)
+ var event = window.event;
+
+ // kludge around NS/IE differences
+ if (window.event)
+ key = window.event.keyCode;
+ else if (event.which)
+ key = event.which;
+ else
+ return true; // Yikes! unknown browser
+
+ // ignore event if key value is zero
+ // as for alt on Opera and Konqueror
+ if (!key)
+ return true;
+
+ // check for concurrent control/command/alt key
+ // but are these only present on mouse events?
+
+ if (event.ctrlKey || event.altKey)
+ return true;
+
+ if (key == 13)
+ {
+ var uri = this.getAttribute("href");
+
+ if (uri)
+ {
+ //alert("going to " + uri);
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.find_slide_number(uri);
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
+ w3c_slidy.set_location();
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ //target.focus();
+
+ try
+ {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
+ w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
+ }
+ catch (e)
+ {
+ }
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();
+
+ if (self.ie7)
+ w3c_slidy.ie_hack();
+
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+
+ if (key == 40 && this.next)
+ {
+ this.next.focus();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+
+ if (key == 38 && this.previous)
+ {
+ this.previous.focus();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+
+ return true;
+ },
+
+
+ // ### OBSOLETE ###
+ before_print: function () {
+ this.show_all_slides();
+ this.hide_toolbar();
+ alert("before print");
+ },
+
+ // ### OBSOLETE ###
+ after_print: function () {
+ if (!this.view_all)
+ {
+ this.single_slide_view();
+ this.show_toolbar();
+ }
+ alert("after print");
+ },
+
+ // ### OBSOLETE ###
+ print_slides: function () {
+ this.before_print();
+ window.print();
+ this.after_print();
+ },
+
+ // ### OBSOLETE ?? ###
+ toggle_view: function () {
+ if (this.view_all)
+ {
+ this.single_slide_view();
+ this.show_toolbar();
+ this.view_all = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ this.show_all_slides();
+ this.hide_toolbar();
+ this.view_all = 1;
+ }
+ },
+
+ // prepare for printing ### OBSOLETE ###
+ show_all_slides: function () {
+ this.remove_class(document.body, "single_slide");
+ this.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
+ },
+
+ // restore after printing ### OBSOLETE ###
+ single_slide_view: function () {
+ this.add_class(document.body, "single_slide");
+ this.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
+ this.last_shown = this.previous_incremental_item(null);
+ },
+
+ // suppress IE's image toolbar pop up
+ hide_image_toolbar: function () {
+ if (!this.ns_pos)
+ {
+ var images = document.getElementsByTagName("IMG");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < images.length; ++i)
+ images[i].setAttribute("galleryimg", "no");
+ }
+ },
+
+ unloaded: function (e) {
+ //alert("unloaded");
+ },
+
+ // Safari and Konqueror don't yet support getComputedStyle()
+ // and they always reload page when location.href is updated
+ is_KHTML: function () {
+ var agent = navigator.userAgent;
+ return (agent.indexOf("KHTML") >= 0 ? true : false);
+ },
+
+ // find slide name from first h1 element
+ // default to document title + slide number
+ slide_name: function (index) {
+ var name = null;
+ var slide = this.slides[index];
+
+ var heading = this.find_heading(slide);
+
+ if (heading)
+ name = this.extract_text(heading);
+
+ if (!name)
+ name = this.title + "(" + (index + 1) + ")";
+
+ name.replace(/\&/g, "&");
+ name.replace(/\</g, "<");
+ name.replace(/\>/g, ">");
+
+ return name;
+ },
+
+ // find first h1 element in DOM tree
+ find_heading: function (node) {
+ if (!node || node.nodeType != 1)
+ return null;
+
+ if (node.nodeName == "H1" || node.nodeName == "h1")
+ return node;
+
+ var child = node.firstChild;
+
+ while (child)
+ {
+ node = this.find_heading(child);
+
+ if (node)
+ return node;
+
+ child = child.nextSibling;
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ },
+
+ // recursively extract text from DOM tree
+ extract_text: function (node) {
+ if (!node)
+ return "";
+
+ // text nodes
+ if (node.nodeType == 3)
+ return node.nodeValue;
+
+ // elements
+ if (node.nodeType == 1)
+ {
+ node = node.firstChild;
+ var text = "";
+
+ while (node)
+ {
+ text = text + this.extract_text(node);
+ node = node.nextSibling;
+ }
+
+ return text;
+ }
+
+ return "";
+ },
+
+ // find copyright text from meta element
+ find_copyright: function () {
+ var name, content;
+ var meta = document.getElementsByTagName("meta");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < meta.length; ++i)
+ {
+ name = meta[i].getAttribute("name");
+ content = meta[i].getAttribute("content");
+
+ if (name == "copyright")
+ return content;
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ },
+
+ find_size_adjust: function () {
+ var name, content, offset;
+ var meta = document.getElementsByTagName("meta");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < meta.length; ++i)
+ {
+ name = meta[i].getAttribute("name");
+ content = meta[i].getAttribute("content");
+
+ if (name == "font-size-adjustment")
+ return 1 * content;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+ },
+
+ // <meta name="duration" content="20" /> for 20 minutes
+ find_duration: function () {
+ var name, content, offset;
+ var meta = document.getElementsByTagName("meta");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < meta.length; ++i)
+ {
+ name = meta[i].getAttribute("name");
+ content = meta[i].getAttribute("content");
+
+ if (name == "duration")
+ return 60000 * content;
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ },
+
+ replace_by_non_breaking_space: function (str) {
+ for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i)
+ str[i] = 160;
+ },
+
+ // ### CHECK ME ### is use of "li" okay for text/html?
+ // for XHTML do we also need to specify namespace?
+ init_outliner: function () {
+ var items = document.getElementsByTagName("li");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < items.length; ++i)
+ {
+ var target = items[i];
+
+ if (!this.has_class(target.parentNode, "outline"))
+ continue;
+
+ target.onclick = this.outline_click;
+/* ### more work needed for IE6
+ if (!this.ns_pos)
+ {
+ target.onmouseover = this.hover_outline;
+ target.onmouseout = this.unhover_outline;
+ }
+*/
+ if (this.foldable(target))
+ {
+ target.foldable = true;
+ target.onfocus = function () {w3c_slidy.outline = this;};
+ target.onblur = function () {w3c_slidy.outline = null;};
+
+ if (!target.getAttribute("tabindex"))
+ target.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
+
+ if (this.has_class(target, "expand"))
+ this.unfold(target);
+ else
+ this.fold(target);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ this.add_class(target, "nofold");
+ target.visible = true;
+ target.foldable = false;
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ foldable: function (item) {
+ if (!item || item.nodeType != 1)
+ return false;
+
+ var node = item.firstChild;
+
+ while (node)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeType == 1 && this.is_block(node))
+ return true;
+
+ node = node.nextSibling;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ },
+
+ // ### CHECK ME ### switch to add/remove "hidden" class
+ fold: function (item) {
+ if (item)
+ {
+ this.remove_class(item, "unfolded");
+ this.add_class(item, "folded");
+ }
+
+ var node = item ? item.firstChild : null;
+
+ while (node)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeType == 1 && this.is_block(node)) // element
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.add_class(node, "hidden");
+ }
+
+ node = node.nextSibling;
+ }
+
+ item.visible = false;
+ },
+
+ // ### CHECK ME ### switch to add/remove "hidden" class
+ unfold: function (item) {
+ if (item)
+ {
+ this.add_class(item, "unfolded");
+ this.remove_class(item, "folded");
+ }
+
+ var node = item ? item.firstChild : null;
+
+ while (node)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeType == 1 && this.is_block(node)) // element
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.remove_class(node, "hidden");
+ }
+
+ node = node.nextSibling;
+ }
+
+ item.visible = true;
+ },
+
+ outline_click: function (e) {
+ if (!e)
+ e = window.event;
+
+ var rightclick = false;
+ var target = w3c_slidy.get_target(e);
+
+ while (target && target.visible == undefined)
+ target = target.parentNode;
+
+ if (!target)
+ return true;
+
+ if (e.which)
+ rightclick = (e.which == 3);
+ else if (e.button)
+ rightclick = (e.button == 2);
+
+ if (!rightclick && target.visible != undefined)
+ {
+ if (target.foldable)
+ {
+ if (target.visible)
+ w3c_slidy.fold(target);
+ else
+ w3c_slidy.unfold(target);
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+ e.cancel = true;
+ e.returnValue = false;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ },
+
+ add_initial_prompt: function () {
+ var prompt = this.create_element("div");
+ prompt.setAttribute("class", "initial_prompt");
+
+ var p1 = this.create_element("p");
+ prompt.appendChild(p1);
+ p1.setAttribute("class", "help");
+
+ if (this.keyboardless)
+ p1.innerHTML = "Tap footer to move to next slide";
+ else
+ p1.innerHTML = "Space or Right Arrow to move to next " +
+ "slide, click help below for more details";
+
+ this.add_listener(prompt, "click", function (e) {
+ document.body.removeChild(prompt);
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+
+ if (e.cancel != undefined)
+ e.cancel = true;
+
+ if (e.returnValue != undefined)
+ e.returnValue = false;
+
+ return false;
+ });
+
+ document.body.appendChild(prompt);
+ this.initial_prompt = prompt;
+ setTimeout(function() {document.body.removeChild(prompt);}, 5000);
+ },
+
+ add_toolbar: function () {
+ var counter, page;
+
+ this.toolbar = this.create_element("div");
+ this.toolbar.setAttribute("class", "toolbar");
+
+ // a reasonably behaved browser
+ if (this.ns_pos || !this.ie6)
+ {
+ var right = this.create_element("div");
+ right.setAttribute("style", "float: right; text-align: right");
+
+ counter = this.create_element("span")
+ counter.innerHTML = "slide".localize() + " n/m";
+ right.appendChild(counter);
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(right);
+
+ var left = this.create_element("div");
+ left.setAttribute("style", "text-align: left");
+
+ // global end of slide indicator
+ this.eos = this.create_element("span");
+ this.eos.innerHTML = "* ";
+ left.appendChild(this.eos);
+
+ var help = this.create_element("a");
+ help.setAttribute("href", this.help_page);
+ help.setAttribute("title", this.help_text.localize());
+ help.innerHTML = "help?".localize();
+ left.appendChild(help);
+ this.help_anchor = help; // save for focus hack
+
+ var gap1 = document.createTextNode(" ");
+ left.appendChild(gap1);
+
+ var contents = this.create_element("a");
+ contents.setAttribute("href", "javascript:w3c_slidy.toggle_table_of_contents()");
+ contents.setAttribute("title", "table of contents".localize());
+ contents.innerHTML = "contents?".localize();
+ left.appendChild(contents);
+
+ var gap2 = document.createTextNode(" ");
+ left.appendChild(gap2);
+
+ var copyright = this.find_copyright();
+
+ if (copyright)
+ {
+ var span = this.create_element("span");
+ span.className = "copyright";
+ span.innerHTML = copyright;
+ left.appendChild(span);
+ }
+
+ this.toolbar.setAttribute("tabindex", "0");
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(left);
+ }
+ else // IE6 so need to work around its poor CSS support
+ {
+ this.toolbar.style.position = (this.ie7 ? "fixed" : "absolute");
+ this.toolbar.style.zIndex = "200";
+ this.toolbar.style.width = "99.9%";
+ this.toolbar.style.height = "1.2em";
+ this.toolbar.style.top = "auto";
+ this.toolbar.style.bottom = "0";
+ this.toolbar.style.left = "0";
+ this.toolbar.style.right = "0";
+ this.toolbar.style.textAlign = "left";
+ this.toolbar.style.fontSize = "60%";
+ this.toolbar.style.color = "red";
+ this.toolbar.borderWidth = 0;
+ this.toolbar.className = "toolbar";
+ this.toolbar.style.background = "rgb(240,240,240)";
+
+ // would like to have help text left aligned
+ // and page counter right aligned, floating
+ // div's don't work, so instead use nested
+ // absolutely positioned div's.
+
+ var sp = this.create_element("span");
+ sp.innerHTML = " * ";
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(sp);
+ this.eos = sp; // end of slide indicator
+
+ var help = this.create_element("a");
+ help.setAttribute("href", this.help_page);
+ help.setAttribute("title", this.help_text.localize());
+ help.innerHTML = "help?".localize();
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(help);
+ this.help_anchor = help; // save for focus hack
+
+ var gap1 = document.createTextNode(" ");
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(gap1);
+
+ var contents = this.create_element("a");
+ contents.setAttribute("href", "javascript:toggleTableOfContents()");
+ contents.setAttribute("title", "table of contents".localize());
+ contents.innerHTML = "contents?".localize();
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(contents);
+
+ var gap2 = document.createTextNode(" ");
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(gap2);
+
+ var copyright = this.find_copyright();
+
+ if (copyright)
+ {
+ var span = this.create_element("span");
+ span.innerHTML = copyright;
+ span.style.color = "black";
+ span.style.marginLeft = "0.5em";
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(span);
+ }
+
+ counter = this.create_element("div")
+ counter.style.position = "absolute";
+ counter.style.width = "auto"; //"20%";
+ counter.style.height = "1.2em";
+ counter.style.top = "auto";
+ counter.style.bottom = 0;
+ counter.style.right = "0";
+ counter.style.textAlign = "right";
+ counter.style.color = "red";
+ counter.style.background = "rgb(240,240,240)";
+
+ counter.innerHTML = "slide".localize() + " n/m";
+ this.toolbar.appendChild(counter);
+ }
+
+ // ensure that click isn't passed through to the page
+ this.toolbar.onclick =
+ function (e) {
+ if (!e)
+ e = window.event;
+
+ var target = e.target;
+
+ if (!target && e.srcElement)
+ target = e.srcElement;
+
+ // work around Safari bug
+ if (target && target.nodeType == 3)
+ target = target.parentNode;
+
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+
+ if (target && target.nodeName.toLowerCase() != "a")
+ w3c_slidy.mouse_button_click(e);
+ };
+
+ this.slide_number_element = counter;
+ this.set_eos_status(false);
+ document.body.appendChild(this.toolbar);
+ },
+
+ // wysiwyg editors make it hard to use div elements
+ // e.g. amaya loses the div when you copy and paste
+ // this function wraps div elements around implicit
+ // slides which start with an h1 element and continue
+ // up to the next heading or div element
+ wrap_implicit_slides: function () {
+ var i, heading, node, next, div;
+ var headings = document.getElementsByTagName("h1");
+
+ if (!headings)
+ return;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < headings.length; ++i)
+ {
+ heading = headings[i];
+
+ if (heading.parentNode != document.body)
+ continue;
+
+ node = heading.nextSibling;
+
+ div = document.createElement("div");
+ this.add_class(div, "slide");
+ document.body.replaceChild(div, heading);
+ div.appendChild(heading);
+
+ while (node)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeType == 1 && // an element
+ (node.nodeName == "H1" ||
+ node.nodeName == "h1" ||
+ node.nodeName == "DIV" ||
+ node.nodeName == "div"))
+ break;
+
+ next = node.nextSibling;
+ node = document.body.removeChild(node);
+ div.appendChild(node);
+ node = next;
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+// return new array of all slides
+ collect_slides: function () {
+ var slides = new Array();
+ var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName("div");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; ++i)
+ {
+ div = divs.item(i);
+
+ if (this.has_class(div, "slide"))
+ {
+ // add slide to collection
+ slides[slides.length] = div;
+
+ // hide each slide as it is found
+ this.add_class(div, "hidden");
+
+ // add dummy <br/> at end for scrolling hack
+ var node1 = document.createElement("br");
+ div.appendChild(node1);
+ var node2 = document.createElement("br");
+ div.appendChild(node2);
+ }
+ else if (this.has_class(div, "background"))
+ { // work around for Firefox SVG reload bug
+ // which otherwise replaces 1st SVG graphic with 2nd
+ div.style.display = "block";
+ }
+ }
+
+ this.slides = slides;
+ },
+
+ // return new array of all <div class="handout">
+ collect_notes: function () {
+ var notes = new Array();
+ var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName("div");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; ++i)
+ {
+ div = divs.item(i);
+
+ if (this.has_class(div, "handout"))
+ {
+ // add note to collection
+ notes[notes.length] = div;
+
+ // and hide it
+ this.add_class(div, "hidden");
+ }
+ }
+
+ this.notes = notes;
+ },
+
+ // return new array of all <div class="background">
+ // including named backgrounds e.g. class="background titlepage"
+ collect_backgrounds: function () {
+ var backgrounds = new Array();
+ var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName("div");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < divs.length; ++i)
+ {
+ div = divs.item(i);
+
+ if (this.has_class(div, "background"))
+ {
+ // add background to collection
+ backgrounds[backgrounds.length] = div;
+
+ // and hide it
+ this.add_class(div, "hidden");
+ }
+ }
+
+ this.backgrounds = backgrounds;
+ },
+
+ // set click handlers on all anchors
+ patch_anchors: function () {
+ var self = w3c_slidy;
+ var handler = function (event) {
+ // compare this.href with location.href
+ // for link to another slide in this doc
+
+ if (self.page_address(this.href) == self.page_address(location.href))
+ {
+ // yes, so find new slide number
+ var newslidenum = self.find_slide_number(this.href);
+
+ if (newslidenum != self.slide_number)
+ {
+ var slide = self.slides[self.slide_number];
+ self.hide_slide(slide);
+ self.slide_number = newslidenum;
+ slide = self.slides[self.slide_number];
+ self.show_slide(slide);
+ self.set_location();
+ }
+ }
+ else if (this.target == null)
+ location.href = this.href;
+
+ this.blur();
+ self.disable_slide_click = true;
+ };
+
+ var anchors = document.body.getElementsByTagName("a");
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < anchors.length; ++i)
+ {
+ if (window.addEventListener)
+ anchors[i].addEventListener("click", handler, false);
+ else
+ anchors[i].attachEvent("onclick", handler);
+ }
+ },
+
+ // ### CHECK ME ### see which functions are invoked via setTimeout
+ // either directly or indirectly for use of w3c_slidy vs this
+ show_slide_number: function () {
+ var timer = w3c_slidy.get_timer();
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number_element.innerHTML = timer + "slide".localize() + " " +
+ (w3c_slidy.slide_number + 1) + "/" + w3c_slidy.slides.length;
+ },
+
+ // every 200mS check if the location has been changed as a
+ // result of the user activating the Back button/menu item
+ // doesn't work for Opera < 9.5
+ check_location: function () {
+ var hash = location.hash;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.slide_number > 0 && (hash == "" || hash == "#"))
+ w3c_slidy.goto_slide(0);
+ else if (hash.length > 2 && hash != "#("+(w3c_slidy.slide_number+1)+")")
+ {
+ var num = parseInt(location.hash.substr(2));
+
+ if (!isNaN(num))
+ w3c_slidy.goto_slide(num-1);
+ }
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.time_left && w3c_slidy.slide_number > 0)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide_number();
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.time_left > 0)
+ w3c_slidy.time_left -= 200;
+ }
+ },
+
+ get_timer: function () {
+ var timer = "";
+ if (w3c_slidy.time_left)
+ {
+ var mins, secs;
+ secs = Math.floor(w3c_slidy.time_left/1000);
+ mins = Math.floor(secs / 60);
+ secs = secs % 60;
+ timer = (mins ? mins+"m" : "") + secs + "s ";
+ }
+
+ return timer;
+ },
+
+ // this doesn't push location onto history stack for IE
+ // for which a hidden iframe hack is needed: load page into
+ // the iframe with script that set's parent's location.hash
+ // but that won't work for standalone use unless we can
+ // create the page dynamically via a javascript: URL
+ set_location: function () {
+ var uri = w3c_slidy.page_address(location.href);
+ var hash = "#(" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.slide_number >= 0)
+ uri = uri + hash;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.ie && !w3c_slidy.ie8)
+ w3c_slidy.push_hash(hash);
+
+ if (uri != location.href) // && !khtml
+ location.href = uri;
+
+ if (this.khtml)
+ hash = "(" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";
+
+ if (!this.ie && location.hash != hash && location.hash != "")
+ location.hash = hash;
+
+ document.title = w3c_slidy.title + " (" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide_number();
+ },
+
+ page_address: function (uri) {
+ var i = uri.indexOf("#");
+
+ if (i < 0)
+ i = uri.indexOf("%23");
+
+ // check if anchor is entire page
+
+ if (i < 0)
+ return uri; // yes
+
+ return uri.substr(0, i);
+ },
+
+ // only used for IE6 and IE7
+ on_frame_loaded: function (hash) {
+ location.hash = hash;
+ var uri = w3c_slidy.page_address(location.href);
+ location.href = uri + hash;
+ },
+
+ // history hack with thanks to Bertrand Le Roy
+ push_hash: function (hash) {
+ if (hash == "") hash = "#(1)";
+ window.location.hash = hash;
+
+ var doc = document.getElementById("historyFrame").contentWindow.document;
+ doc.open("javascript:'<html></html>'");
+ // PWL modified this string literal to break the close script tag
+ // which otherwise gets parsed when incorporated
+ doc.write("<html><head><script type=\"text/javascript\">window.parent.w3c_slidy.on_frame_loaded('"+
+ (hash) + "');</" + "script></head><body>hello mum</body></html>");
+ doc.close();
+ },
+
+ // find current slide based upon location
+ // first find target anchor and then look
+ // for associated div element enclosing it
+ // finally map that to slide number
+ find_slide_number: function (uri) {
+ // first get anchor from page location
+
+ var i = uri.indexOf("#");
+
+ // check if anchor is entire page
+ if (i < 0)
+ return 0; // yes
+
+ var anchor = unescape(uri.substr(i+1));
+
+ // now use anchor as XML ID to find target
+ var target = document.getElementById(anchor);
+
+ if (!target)
+ {
+ // does anchor look like "(2)" for slide 2 ??
+ // where first slide is (1)
+ var re = /\((\d)+\)/;
+
+ if (anchor.match(re))
+ {
+ var num = parseInt(anchor.substring(1, anchor.length-1));
+
+ if (num > this.slides.length)
+ num = 1;
+
+ if (--num < 0)
+ num = 0;
+
+ return num;
+ }
+
+ // accept [2] for backwards compatibility
+ re = /\[(\d)+\]/;
+
+ if (anchor.match(re))
+ {
+ var num = parseInt(anchor.substring(1, anchor.length-1));
+
+ if (num > this.slides.length)
+ num = 1;
+
+ if (--num < 0)
+ num = 0;
+
+ return num;
+ }
+
+ // oh dear unknown anchor
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ // search for enclosing slide
+
+ while (true)
+ {
+ // browser coerces html elements to uppercase!
+ if (target.nodeName.toLowerCase() == "div" &&
+ this.has_class(target, "slide"))
+ {
+ // found the slide element
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // otherwise try parent element if any
+
+ target = target.parentNode;
+
+ if (!target)
+ {
+ return 0; // no luck!
+ }
+ };
+
+ for (i = 0; i < slides.length; ++i)
+ {
+ if (slides[i] == target)
+ return i; // success
+ }
+
+ // oh dear still no luck
+ return 0;
+ },
+
+ previous_slide: function (incremental) {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ {
+ var slide;
+
+ if ((incremental || w3c_slidy.slide_number == 0) && w3c_slidy.last_shown != null)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.hide_previous_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown);
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(false);
+ }
+ else if (w3c_slidy.slide_number > 0)
+ {
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.slide_number - 1;
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.previous_incremental_item(null);
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(true);
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.set_location();
+
+ if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
+ w3c_slidy.refresh_toolbar(200);
+ }
+ },
+
+ next_slide: function (incremental) {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ {
+ var slide, last = w3c_slidy.last_shown;
+
+ if (incremental || w3c_slidy.slide_number == w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1)
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.reveal_next_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown);
+
+ if ((!incremental || w3c_slidy.last_shown == null) &&
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number < w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1)
+ {
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.slide_number + 1;
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ }
+ else if (!w3c_slidy.last_shown)
+ {
+ if (last && incremental)
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = last;
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.set_location();
+
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
+
+ if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
+ w3c_slidy.refresh_toolbar(200);
+ }
+ },
+
+ // to first slide with nothing revealed
+ // i.e. state at start of presentation
+ first_slide: function () {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ {
+ var slide;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.slide_number != 0)
+ {
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = 0;
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(
+ !w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
+ w3c_slidy.set_location();
+ }
+ },
+
+ // goto last slide with everything revealed
+ // i.e. state at end of presentation
+ last_slide: function () {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ {
+ var slide;
+
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = null; //revealNextItem(lastShown);
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.last_shown == null &&
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number < w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1)
+ {
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = w3c_slidy.slides.length - 1;
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.previous_incremental_item(null);
+
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("visible");
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = w3c_slidy.previous_incremental_item(null);
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(true);
+ w3c_slidy.set_location();
+ }
+ },
+
+
+ // ### check this and consider add/remove class
+ set_eos_status: function (state) {
+ if (this.eos)
+ this.eos.style.color = (state ? "rgb(240,240,240)" : "red");
+ },
+
+ // first slide is 0
+ goto_slide: function (num) {
+ //alert("going to slide " + (num+1));
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.slide_number = num;
+ slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.last_shown = null;
+ w3c_slidy.set_visibility_all_incremental("hidden");
+ w3c_slidy.set_eos_status(!w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(w3c_slidy.last_shown));
+ document.title = w3c_slidy.title + " (" + (w3c_slidy.slide_number+1) + ")";
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide_number();
+ },
+
+
+ show_slide: function (slide) {
+ this.sync_background(slide);
+ window.scrollTo(0,0);
+ this.remove_class(slide, "hidden");
+ },
+
+ hide_slide: function (slide) {
+ this.add_class(slide, "hidden");
+ },
+
+ // show just the backgrounds pertinent to this slide
+ // when slide background-color is transparent
+ // this should now work with rgba color values
+ sync_background: function (slide) {
+ var background;
+ var bgColor;
+
+ if (slide.currentStyle)
+ bgColor = slide.currentStyle["backgroundColor"];
+ else if (document.defaultView)
+ {
+ var styles = document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(slide,null);
+
+ if (styles)
+ bgColor = styles.getPropertyValue("background-color");
+ else // broken implementation probably due Safari or Konqueror
+ {
+ //alert("defective implementation of getComputedStyle()");
+ bgColor = "transparent";
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ bgColor == "transparent";
+
+ if (bgColor == "transparent" ||
+ bgColor.indexOf("rgba") >= 0 ||
+ bgColor.indexOf("opacity") >= 0)
+ {
+ var slideClass = this.get_class_list(slide);
+
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.backgrounds.length; i++)
+ {
+ background = this.backgrounds[i];
+
+ var bgClass = this.get_class_list(background);
+
+ if (this.matching_background(slideClass, bgClass))
+ this.remove_class(background, "hidden");
+ else
+ this.add_class(background, "hidden");
+ }
+ }
+ else // forcibly hide all backgrounds
+ this.hide_backgrounds();
+ },
+
+ hide_backgrounds: function () {
+ for (var i = 0; i < this.backgrounds.length; i++)
+ {
+ background = this.backgrounds[i];
+ this.add_class(background, "hidden");
+ }
+ },
+
+ // compare classes for slide and background
+ matching_background: function (slideClass, bgClass) {
+ var i, count, pattern, result;
+
+ // define pattern as regular expression
+ pattern = /\w+/g;
+
+ // check background class names
+ result = bgClass.match(pattern);
+
+ for (i = count = 0; i < result.length; i++)
+ {
+ if (result[i] == "hidden")
+ continue;
+
+ if (result[i] == "background")
+ continue;
+
+ ++count;
+ }
+
+ if (count == 0) // default match
+ return true;
+
+ // check for matches and place result in array
+ result = slideClass.match(pattern);
+
+ // now check if desired name is present for background
+ for (i = count = 0; i < result.length; i++)
+ {
+ if (result[i] == "hidden")
+ continue;
+
+ if (this.has_token(bgClass, result[i]))
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ },
+
+ resized: function () {
+ var width = 0;
+
+ if ( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' )
+ width = window.innerWidth; // Non IE browser
+ else if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientWidth)
+ width = document.documentElement.clientWidth; // IE6
+ else if (document.body && document.body.clientWidth)
+ width = document.body.clientWidth; // IE4
+
+ var height = 0;
+
+ if ( typeof( window.innerHeight ) == 'number' )
+ height = window.innerHeight; // Non IE browser
+ else if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientHeight)
+ height = document.documentElement.clientHeight; // IE6
+ else if (document.body && document.body.clientHeight)
+ height = document.body.clientHeight; // IE4
+
+ if (height && (width/height > 1.05*1024/768))
+ {
+ width = height * 1024.0/768;
+ }
+
+ // IE fires onresize even when only font size is changed!
+ // so we do a check to avoid blocking < and > actions
+ if (width != w3c_slidy.last_width || height != w3c_slidy.last_height)
+ {
+ if (width >= 1100)
+ w3c_slidy.size_index = 5; // 4
+ else if (width >= 1000)
+ w3c_slidy.size_index = 4; // 3
+ else if (width >= 800)
+ w3c_slidy.size_index = 3; // 2
+ else if (width >= 600)
+ w3c_slidy.size_index = 2; // 1
+ else if (width)
+ w3c_slidy.size_index = 0;
+
+ // add in font size adjustment from meta element e.g.
+ // <meta name="font-size-adjustment" content="-2" />
+ // useful when slides have too much content ;-)
+
+ if (0 <= w3c_slidy.size_index + w3c_slidy.size_adjustment &&
+ w3c_slidy.size_index + w3c_slidy.size_adjustment < w3c_slidy.sizes.length)
+ w3c_slidy.size_index = w3c_slidy.size_index + w3c_slidy.size_adjustment;
+
+ // enables cross browser use of relative width/height
+ // on object elements for use with SVG and Flash media
+ w3c_slidy.adjust_object_dimensions(width, height);
+
+ if (document.body.style.fontSize != w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index])
+ {
+ document.body.style.fontSize = w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index];
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.last_width = width;
+ w3c_slidy.last_height = height;
+
+ // force reflow to work around Mozilla bug
+ if (w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
+ {
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ }
+
+ // force correct positioning of toolbar
+ w3c_slidy.refresh_toolbar(200);
+ }
+ },
+
+ scrolled: function () {
+ if (w3c_slidy.toolbar && !w3c_slidy.ns_pos && !w3c_slidy.ie7)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.hack_offset = w3c_slidy.scroll_x_offset();
+ // hide toolbar
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "none";
+
+ // make it reappear later
+ if (w3c_slidy.scrollhack == 0 && !w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ {
+ setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, 1000);
+ w3c_slidy.scrollhack = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ hide_toolbar: function () {
+ w3c_slidy.add_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden");
+ window.focus();
+ },
+
+ // used to ensure IE refreshes toolbar in correct position
+ refresh_toolbar: function (interval) {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos && !w3c_slidy.ie7)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.hide_toolbar();
+ setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, interval);
+ }
+ },
+
+ // restores toolbar after short delay
+ show_toolbar: function () {
+ if (w3c_slidy.want_toolbar)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "block";
+
+ if (!w3c_slidy.ns_pos)
+ {
+ // adjust position to allow for scrolling
+ var xoffset = w3c_slidy.scroll_x_offset();
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.left = xoffset;
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.right = xoffset;
+
+ // determine vertical scroll offset
+ //var yoffset = scrollYOffset();
+
+ // bottom is doc height - window height - scroll offset
+ //var bottom = documentHeight() - lastHeight - yoffset
+
+ //if (yoffset > 0 || documentHeight() > lastHeight)
+ // bottom += 16; // allow for height of scrollbar
+
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.bottom = 0; //bottom;
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.remove_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden");
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.scrollhack = 0;
+
+
+ // set the keyboard focus to the help link on the
+ // toolbar to ensure that document has the focus
+ // IE doesn't always work with window.focus()
+ // and this hack has benefit of Enter for help
+
+ try
+ {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.opera)
+ w3c_slidy.help_anchor.focus();
+ }
+ catch (e)
+ {
+ }
+ },
+
+// invoked via F key
+ toggle_toolbar: function () {
+ if (!w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ {
+ if (w3c_slidy.has_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden"))
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.remove_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden")
+ w3c_slidy.want_toolbar = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.add_class(w3c_slidy.toolbar, "hidden")
+ w3c_slidy.want_toolbar = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ scroll_x_offset: function () {
+ if (window.pageXOffset)
+ return self.pageXOffset;
+
+ if (document.documentElement &&
+ document.documentElement.scrollLeft)
+ return document.documentElement.scrollLeft;
+
+ if (document.body)
+ return document.body.scrollLeft;
+
+ return 0;
+ },
+
+ scroll_y_offset: function () {
+ if (window.pageYOffset)
+ return self.pageYOffset;
+
+ if (document.documentElement &&
+ document.documentElement.scrollTop)
+ return document.documentElement.scrollTop;
+
+ if (document.body)
+ return document.body.scrollTop;
+
+ return 0;
+ },
+
+ // looking for a way to determine height of slide content
+ // the slide itself is set to the height of the window
+ optimize_font_size: function () {
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+
+ //var dh = documentHeight(); //getDocHeight(document);
+ var dh = slide.scrollHeight;
+ var wh = getWindowHeight();
+ var u = 100 * dh / wh;
+
+ alert("window utilization = " + u + "% (doc "
+ + dh + " win " + wh + ")");
+ },
+
+ // from document object
+ get_doc_height: function (doc) {
+ if (!doc)
+ doc = document;
+
+ if (doc && doc.body && doc.body.offsetHeight)
+ return doc.body.offsetHeight; // ns/gecko syntax
+
+ if (doc && doc.body && doc.body.scrollHeight)
+ return doc.body.scrollHeight;
+
+ alert("couldn't determine document height");
+ },
+
+ get_window_height: function () {
+ if ( typeof( window.innerHeight ) == 'number' )
+ return window.innerHeight; // Non IE browser
+
+ if (document.documentElement && document.documentElement.clientHeight)
+ return document.documentElement.clientHeight; // IE6
+
+ if (document.body && document.body.clientHeight)
+ return document.body.clientHeight; // IE4
+ },
+
+ document_height: function () {
+ var sh, oh;
+
+ sh = document.body.scrollHeight;
+ oh = document.body.offsetHeight;
+
+ if (sh && oh)
+ {
+ return (sh > oh ? sh : oh);
+ }
+
+ // no idea!
+ return 0;
+ },
+
+ smaller: function () {
+ if (w3c_slidy.size_index > 0)
+ {
+ --w3c_slidy.size_index;
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "none";
+ document.body.style.fontSize = w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index];
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, 50);
+ },
+
+ bigger: function () {
+ if (w3c_slidy.size_index < w3c_slidy.sizes.length - 1)
+ {
+ ++w3c_slidy.size_index;
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.toolbar.style.display = "none";
+ document.body.style.fontSize = w3c_slidy.sizes[w3c_slidy.size_index];
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+ w3c_slidy.hide_slide(slide);
+ w3c_slidy.show_slide(slide);
+ setTimeout(function () {w3c_slidy.show_toolbar(); }, 50);
+ },
+
+ // enables cross browser use of relative width/height
+ // on object elements for use with SVG and Flash media
+ // with thanks to Ivan Herman for the suggestion
+ adjust_object_dimensions: function (width, height) {
+ for( var i = 0; i < w3c_slidy.objects.length; i++ )
+ {
+ var obj = this.objects[i];
+ var mimeType = obj.getAttribute("type");
+
+ if (mimeType == "image/svg+xml" || mimeType == "application/x-shockwave-flash")
+ {
+ if ( !obj.initialWidth )
+ obj.initialWidth = obj.getAttribute("width");
+
+ if ( !obj.initialHeight )
+ obj.initialHeight = obj.getAttribute("height");
+
+ if ( obj.initialWidth && obj.initialWidth.charAt(obj.initialWidth.length-1) == "%" )
+ {
+ var w = parseInt(obj.initialWidth.slice(0, obj.initialWidth.length-1));
+ var newW = width * (w/100.0);
+ obj.setAttribute("width",newW);
+ }
+
+ if ( obj.initialHeight &&
+ obj.initialHeight.charAt(obj.initialHeight.length-1) == "%" )
+ {
+ var h = parseInt(obj.initialHeight.slice(0, obj.initialHeight.length-1));
+ var newH = height * (h/100.0);
+ obj.setAttribute("height", newH);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ // needed for Opera to inhibit default behavior
+ // since Opera delivers keyPress even if keyDown
+ // was cancelled
+ key_press: function (event) {
+ if (!event)
+ event = window.event;
+
+ if (!w3c_slidy.key_wanted)
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+
+ return true;
+ },
+
+ // See e.g. http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events/keys.html for keycodes
+ key_down: function (event) {
+ var key;
+
+ w3c_slidy.key_wanted = true;
+
+ if (!event)
+ event = window.event;
+
+ // kludge around NS/IE differences
+ if (window.event)
+ key = window.event.keyCode;
+ else if (event.which)
+ key = event.which;
+ else
+ return true; // Yikes! unknown browser
+
+ // ignore event if key value is zero
+ // as for alt on Opera and Konqueror
+ if (!key)
+ return true;
+
+ // check for concurrent control/command/alt key
+ // but are these only present on mouse events?
+
+ if (event.ctrlKey || event.altKey || event.metaKey)
+ return true;
+
+ // dismiss table of contents if visible
+ if (w3c_slidy.is_shown_toc() && key != 9 && key != 16 && key != 38 && key != 40)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();
+
+ if (key == 27 || key == 84 || key == 67)
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+
+ if (key == 34) // Page Down
+ {
+ if (w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ return true;
+
+ w3c_slidy.next_slide(false);
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 33) // Page Up
+ {
+ if (w3c_slidy.view_all)
+ return true;
+
+ w3c_slidy.previous_slide(false);
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 32) // space bar
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.next_slide(true);
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 37) // Left arrow
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.previous_slide(!event.shiftKey);
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 36) // Home
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.first_slide();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 35) // End
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.last_slide();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 39) // Right arrow
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.next_slide(!event.shiftKey);
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 13) // Enter
+ {
+ if (w3c_slidy.outline)
+ {
+ if (w3c_slidy.outline.visible)
+ w3c_slidy.fold(w3c_slidy.outline);
+ else
+ w3c_slidy.unfold(w3c_slidy.outline);
+
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ }
+ else if (key == 188) // < for smaller fonts
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.smaller();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 190) // > for larger fonts
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.bigger();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 189 || key == 109) // - for smaller fonts
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.smaller();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 187 || key == 191 || key == 107) // = + for larger fonts
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.bigger();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 83) // S for smaller fonts
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.smaller();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 66) // B for larger fonts
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.bigger();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 90) // Z for last slide
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.last_slide();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 70) // F for toggle toolbar
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.toggle_toolbar();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 65) // A for toggle view single/all slides
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.toggle_view();
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 75) // toggle action of left click for next page
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled = !w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled;
+ var alert_msg = (w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled ?
+ "enabled" : "disabled") + " mouse click advance";
+
+ alert(alert_msg.localize());
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 84 || key == 67) // T or C for table of contents
+ {
+ if (w3c_slidy.toc)
+ w3c_slidy.toggle_table_of_contents();
+
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ else if (key == 72) // H for help
+ {
+ window.location = w3c_slidy.help_page;
+ return w3c_slidy.cancel(event);
+ }
+ //else alert("key code is "+ key);
+
+ return true;
+ },
+
+ // safe for both text/html and application/xhtml+xml
+ create_element: function (name) {
+ if (this.xhtml && (typeof document.createElementNS != 'undefined'))
+ return document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml", name)
+
+ return document.createElement(name);
+ },
+
+ get_element_style: function (elem, IEStyleProp, CSSStyleProp) {
+ if (elem.currentStyle)
+ {
+ return elem.currentStyle[IEStyleProp];
+ }
+ else if (window.getComputedStyle)
+ {
+ var compStyle = window.getComputedStyle(elem, "");
+ return compStyle.getPropertyValue(CSSStyleProp);
+ }
+ return "";
+ },
+
+ // the string str is a whitespace separated list of tokens
+ // test if str contains a particular token, e.g. "slide"
+ has_token: function (str, token) {
+ if (str)
+ {
+ // define pattern as regular expression
+ var pattern = /\w+/g;
+
+ // check for matches
+ // place result in array
+ var result = str.match(pattern);
+
+ // now check if desired token is present
+ for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++)
+ {
+ if (result[i] == token)
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+ },
+
+ get_class_list: function (element) {
+ if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
+ return element.className;
+
+ return element.getAttribute("class");
+ },
+
+ has_class: function (element, name) {
+ if (element.nodeType != 1)
+ return false;
+
+ var regexp = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "\W*");
+
+ if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
+ return regexp.test(element.className);
+
+ return regexp.test(element.getAttribute("class"));
+ },
+
+ remove_class: function (element, name) {
+ var regexp = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "\W*");
+ var clsval = "";
+
+ if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
+ {
+ clsval = element.className;
+
+ if (clsval)
+ {
+ clsval = clsval.replace(regexp, "");
+ element.className = clsval;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ clsval = element.getAttribute("class");
+
+ if (clsval)
+ {
+ clsval = clsval.replace(regexp, "");
+ element.setAttribute("class", clsval);
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ add_class: function (element, name) {
+ if (!this.has_class(element, name))
+ {
+ if (typeof element.className != 'undefined')
+ element.className += " " + name;
+ else
+ {
+ var clsval = element.getAttribute("class");
+ clsval = clsval ? clsval + " " + name : name;
+ element.setAttribute("class", clsval);
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ // HTML elements that can be used with class="incremental"
+ // note that you can also put the class on containers like
+ // up, ol, dl, and div to make their contents appear
+ // incrementally. Upper case is used since this is what
+ // browsers report for HTML node names (text/html).
+ incremental_elements: null,
+ okay_for_incremental: function (name) {
+ if (!this.incremental_elements)
+ {
+ var inclist = new Array();
+ inclist["p"] = true;
+ inclist["pre"] = true;
+ inclist["li"] = true;
+ inclist["blockquote"] = true;
+ inclist["dt"] = true;
+ inclist["dd"] = true;
+ inclist["h2"] = true;
+ inclist["h3"] = true;
+ inclist["h4"] = true;
+ inclist["h5"] = true;
+ inclist["h6"] = true;
+ inclist["span"] = true;
+ inclist["address"] = true;
+ inclist["table"] = true;
+ inclist["tr"] = true;
+ inclist["th"] = true;
+ inclist["td"] = true;
+ inclist["img"] = true;
+ inclist["object"] = true;
+ this.incremental_elements = inclist;
+ }
+ return this.incremental_elements[name.toLowerCase()];
+ },
+
+ next_incremental_item: function (node) {
+ var br = this.is_xhtml ? "br" : "BR";
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ node = w3c_slidy.next_node(slide, node);
+
+ if (node == null || node.parentNode == null)
+ break;
+
+ if (node.nodeType == 1) // ELEMENT
+ {
+ if (node.nodeName == br)
+ continue;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "incremental")
+ && w3c_slidy.okay_for_incremental(node.nodeName))
+ return node;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node.parentNode, "incremental")
+ && !w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "non-incremental"))
+ return node;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return node;
+ },
+
+ previous_incremental_item: function (node) {
+ var br = this.is_xhtml ? "br" : "BR";
+ var slide = w3c_slidy.slides[w3c_slidy.slide_number];
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ node = w3c_slidy.previous_node(slide, node);
+
+ if (node == null || node.parentNode == null)
+ break;
+
+ if (node.nodeType == 1)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeName == br)
+ continue;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "incremental")
+ && w3c_slidy.okay_for_incremental(node.nodeName))
+ return node;
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.has_class(node.parentNode, "incremental")
+ && !w3c_slidy.has_class(node, "non-incremental"))
+ return node;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return node;
+ },
+
+ // set visibility for all elements on current slide with
+ // a parent element with attribute class="incremental"
+ set_visibility_all_incremental: function (value) {
+ var node = this.next_incremental_item(null);
+
+ if (value == "hidden")
+ {
+ while (node)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.add_class(node, "invisible");
+ node = w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(node);
+ }
+ }
+ else // value == "visible"
+ {
+ while (node)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.remove_class(node, "invisible");
+ node = w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(node);
+ }
+ }
+ },
+
+ // reveal the next hidden item on the slide
+ // node is null or the node that was last revealed
+ reveal_next_item: function (node) {
+ node = w3c_slidy.next_incremental_item(node);
+
+ if (node && node.nodeType == 1) // an element
+ w3c_slidy.remove_class(node, "invisible");
+
+ return node;
+ },
+
+ // exact inverse of revealNextItem(node)
+ hide_previous_item: function (node) {
+ if (node && node.nodeType == 1) // an element
+ w3c_slidy.add_class(node, "invisible");
+
+ return this.previous_incremental_item(node);
+ },
+
+ // left to right traversal of root's content
+ next_node: function (root, node) {
+ if (node == null)
+ return root.firstChild;
+
+ if (node.firstChild)
+ return node.firstChild;
+
+ if (node.nextSibling)
+ return node.nextSibling;
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ node = node.parentNode;
+
+ if (!node || node == root)
+ break;
+
+ if (node && node.nextSibling)
+ return node.nextSibling;
+ }
+
+ return null;
+ },
+
+ // right to left traversal of root's content
+ previous_node: function (root, node) {
+ if (node == null)
+ {
+ node = root.lastChild;
+
+ if (node)
+ {
+ while (node.lastChild)
+ node = node.lastChild;
+ }
+
+ return node;
+ }
+
+ if (node.previousSibling)
+ {
+ node = node.previousSibling;
+
+ while (node.lastChild)
+ node = node.lastChild;
+
+ return node;
+ }
+
+ if (node.parentNode != root)
+ return node.parentNode;
+
+ return null;
+ },
+
+ previous_sibling_element: function (el) {
+ el = el.previousSibling;
+
+ while (el && el.nodeType != 1)
+ el = el.previousSibling;
+
+ return el;
+ },
+
+ next_sibling_element: function (el) {
+ el = el.nextSibling;
+
+ while (el && el.nodeType != 1)
+ el = el.nextSibling;
+
+ return el;
+ },
+
+ first_child_element: function (el) {
+ var node;
+
+ for (node = el.firstChild; node; node = node.nextSibling)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeType == 1)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return node;
+ },
+
+ first_tag: function (element, tag) {
+ var node;
+
+ if (!this.is_xhtml)
+ tag = tag.toUpperCase();
+
+ for (node = element.firstChild; node; node = node.nextSibling)
+ {
+ if (node.nodeType == 1 && node.nodeName == tag)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return node;
+ },
+
+ hide_selection: function () {
+ if (window.getSelection) // Firefox, Chromium, Safari, Opera
+ {
+ var selection = window.getSelection();
+
+ if (selection.rangeCount > 0)
+ {
+ var range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+ range.collapse (false);
+ }
+ }
+ else // Internet Explorer
+ {
+ var textRange = document.selection.createRange ();
+ textRange.collapse (false);
+ }
+ },
+
+ get_selected_text: function () {
+ try
+ {
+ if (window.getSelection)
+ return window.getSelection().toString();
+
+ if (document.getSelection)
+ return document.getSelection().toString();
+
+ if (document.selection)
+ return document.selection.createRange().text;
+ }
+ catch (e)
+ {
+ }
+
+ return "";
+ },
+
+ // make note of length of selected text
+ // as this evaluates to zero in click event
+ mouse_button_up: function (e) {
+ w3c_slidy.selected_text_len = w3c_slidy.get_selected_text().length;
+ },
+
+ // right mouse button click is reserved for context menus
+ // it is more reliable to detect rightclick than leftclick
+ mouse_button_click: function (e) {
+ var rightclick = false;
+ var leftclick = false;
+ var middleclick = false;
+ var target;
+
+ if (!e)
+ var e = window.event;
+
+ if (e.target)
+ target = e.target;
+ else if (e.srcElement)
+ target = e.srcElement;
+
+ // work around Safari bug
+ if (target.nodeType == 3)
+ target = target.parentNode;
+
+ if (e.which) // all browsers except IE
+ {
+ leftclick = (e.which == 1);
+ middleclick = (e.which == 2);
+ rightclick = (e.which == 3);
+ }
+ else if (e.button)
+ {
+ // Konqueror gives 1 for left, 4 for middle
+ // IE6 gives 0 for left and not 1 as I expected
+
+ if (e.button == 4)
+ middleclick = true;
+
+ // all browsers agree on 2 for right button
+ rightclick = (e.button == 2);
+ }
+ else leftclick = true;
+/*
+ alert("you clicked over a " + target.nodeName + " element\n" +
+ "w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled = " + w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled + "\n" +
+ "leftclick = " + leftclick + "\n" +
+ "selected text length = " + w3c_slidy.selected_text_len);
+ //alert("selected text length = " + w3c_slidy.selected_text_len);
+*/
+ if (w3c_slidy.selected_text_len > 0)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+ e.cancel = true;
+ e.returnValue = false;
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // dismiss table of contents
+ w3c_slidy.hide_table_of_contents();
+
+ // check if target is something that probably want's clicks
+ // e.g. a, embed, object, input, textarea, select, option
+ var tag = target.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+
+ if (w3c_slidy.mouse_click_enabled && leftclick &&
+ tag != "a" &&
+ tag != "embed" &&
+ tag != "object" &&
+ tag != "video" &&
+ tag != "input" &&
+ tag != "textarea" &&
+ tag != "select" &&
+ tag != "option" &&
+ !target.onclick)
+ {
+ w3c_slidy.next_slide(true);
+ w3c_slidy.stop_propagation(e);
+ e.cancel = true;
+ e.returnValue = false;
+ return false;
+ }
+ },
+
+ get_key: function (e)
+ {
+ var key;
+
+ // kludge around NS/IE differences
+ if (typeof window.event != "undefined")
+ key = window.event.keyCode;
+ else if (e.which)
+ key = e.which;
+
+ return key;
+ },
+
+ get_target: function (e) {
+ var target;
+
+ if (!e)
+ e = window.event;
+
+ if (e.target)
+ target = e.target;
+ else if (e.srcElement)
+ target = e.srcElement;
+
+ if (target.nodeType != 1)
+ target = target.parentNode;
+
+ return target;
+ },
+
+ // does display property provide correct defaults?
+ is_block: function (elem) {
+ var tag = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
+
+ return tag == "ol" || tag == "ul" || tag == "p" ||
+ tag == "li" || tag == "table" || tag == "pre" ||
+ tag == "h1" || tag == "h2" || tag == "h3" ||
+ tag == "h4" || tag == "h5" || tag == "h6" ||
+ tag == "blockquote" || tag == "address";
+ },
+
+ add_listener: function (element, event, handler) {
+ if (window.addEventListener)
+ element.addEventListener(event, handler, false);
+ else
+ element.attachEvent("on"+event, handler);
+ },
+
+ // used to prevent event propagation from field controls
+ stop_propagation: function (event) {
+ event = event ? event : window.event;
+ event.cancelBubble = true; // for IE
+
+ if (event.stopPropagation)
+ event.stopPropagation();
+
+ return true;
+ },
+
+ cancel: function (event) {
+ if (event)
+ {
+ event.cancel = true;
+ event.returnValue = false;
+
+ if (event.preventDefault)
+ event.preventDefault();
+ }
+
+ w3c_slidy.key_wanted = false;
+ return false;
+ }
+};
+
+// for each language define an associative array
+// and also the help text which is longer
+
+var w3c_slidy_i18n = {
+ strings_es: {
+ "slide":"pág.",
+ "help?":"Ayuda",
+ "contents?":"Índice",
+ "table of contents":"tabla de contenidos",
+ "Table of Contents":"Tabla de Contenidos",
+ "restart presentation":"Reiniciar presentación",
+ "restart?":"Inicio"
+ },
+ help_es:
+ "Utilice el ratón, barra espaciadora, teclas Izda/Dcha, " +
+ "o Re pág y Av pág. Use S y B para cambiar el tamaño de fuente.",
+
+ strings_ca: {
+ "slide":"pàg..",
+ "help?":"Ajuda",
+ "contents?":"Índex",
+ "table of contents":"taula de continguts",
+ "Table of Contents":"Taula de Continguts",
+ "restart presentation":"Reiniciar presentació",
+ "restart?":"Inici"
+ },
+ help_ca:
+ "Utilitzi el ratolí, barra espaiadora, tecles Esq./Dta. " +
+ "o Re pàg y Av pàg. Usi S i B per canviar grandària de font.",
+
+ strings_cs: {
+ "slide":"snímek",
+ "help?":"nápověda",
+ "contents?":"obsah",
+ "table of contents":"obsah prezentace",
+ "Table of Contents":"Obsah prezentace",
+ "restart presentation":"znovu spustit prezentaci",
+ "restart?":"restart"
+ },
+ help_cs:
+ "Prezentaci můžete procházet pomocí kliknutí myši, mezerníku, " +
+ "šipek vlevo a vpravo nebo kláves PageUp a PageDown. Písmo se " +
+ "dá zvětšit a zmenšit pomocí kláves B a S.",
+
+ strings_nl: {
+ "slide":"pagina",
+ "help?":"Help?",
+ "contents?":"Inhoud?",
+ "table of contents":"inhoudsopgave",
+ "Table of Contents":"Inhoudsopgave",
+ "restart presentation":"herstart presentatie",
+ "restart?":"Herstart?"
+ },
+ help_nl:
+ "Navigeer d.m.v. het muis, spatiebar, Links/Rechts toetsen, " +
+ "of PgUp en PgDn. Gebruik S en B om de karaktergrootte te veranderen.",
+
+ strings_de: {
+ "slide":"Seite",
+ "help?":"Hilfe",
+ "contents?":"Übersicht",
+ "table of contents":"Inhaltsverzeichnis",
+ "Table of Contents":"Inhaltsverzeichnis",
+ "restart presentation":"Präsentation neu starten",
+ "restart?":"Neustart"
+ },
+ help_de:
+ "Benutzen Sie die Maus, Leerschlag, die Cursortasten links/rechts oder " +
+ "Page up/Page Down zum Wechseln der Seiten und S und B für die Schriftgrösse.",
+
+ strings_pl: {
+ "slide":"slajd",
+ "help?":"pomoc?",
+ "contents?":"spis treści?",
+ "table of contents":"spis treści",
+ "Table of Contents":"Spis Treści",
+ "restart presentation":"Restartuj prezentację",
+ "restart?":"restart?"
+ },
+ help_pl:
+ "Zmieniaj slajdy klikając myszą, naciskając spację, strzałki lewo/prawo" +
+ "lub PgUp / PgDn. Użyj klawiszy S i B, aby zmienić rozmiar czczionki.",
+
+ strings_fr: {
+ "slide":"page",
+ "help?":"Aide",
+ "contents?":"Index",
+ "table of contents":"table des matières",
+ "Table of Contents":"Table des matières",
+ "restart presentation":"Recommencer l'exposé",
+ "restart?":"Début"
+ },
+ help_fr:
+ "Naviguez avec la souris, la barre d'espace, les flèches " +
+ "gauche/droite ou les touches Pg Up, Pg Dn. Utilisez " +
+ "les touches S et B pour modifier la taille de la police.",
+
+ strings_hu: {
+ "slide":"oldal",
+ "help?":"segítség",
+ "contents?":"tartalom",
+ "table of contents":"tartalomjegyzék",
+ "Table of Contents":"Tartalomjegyzék",
+ "restart presentation":"bemutató újraindítása",
+ "restart?":"újraindítás"
+ },
+ help_hu:
+ "Az oldalak közti lépkedéshez kattintson az egérrel, vagy " +
+ "használja a szóköz, a bal, vagy a jobb nyíl, illetve a Page Down, " +
+ "Page Up billentyűket. Az S és a B billentyűkkel változtathatja " +
+ "a szöveg méretét.",
+
+ strings_it: {
+ "slide":"pag.",
+ "help?":"Aiuto",
+ "contents?":"Indice",
+ "table of contents":"indice",
+ "Table of Contents":"Indice",
+ "restart presentation":"Ricominciare la presentazione",
+ "restart?":"Inizio"
+ },
+ help_it:
+ "Navigare con mouse, barra spazio, frecce sinistra/destra o " +
+ "PgUp e PgDn. Usare S e B per cambiare la dimensione dei caratteri.",
+
+ strings_el: {
+ "slide":"σελίδα",
+ "help?":"βοήθεια;",
+ "contents?":"περιεχόμενα;",
+ "table of contents":"πίνακας περιεχομένων",
+ "Table of Contents":"Πίνακας Περιεχομένων",
+ "restart presentation":"επανεκκίνηση παρουσίασης",
+ "restart?":"επανεκκίνηση;"
+ },
+ help_el:
+ "Πλοηγηθείτε με το κλίκ του ποντικιού, το space, τα βέλη αριστερά/δεξιά, " +
+ "ή Page Up και Page Down. Χρησιμοποιήστε τα πλήκτρα S και B για να αλλάξετε " +
+ "το μέγεθος της γραμματοσειράς.",
+
+ strings_ja: {
+ "slide":"スライド",
+ "help?":"ヘルプ",
+ "contents?":"目次",
+ "table of contents":"目次を表示",
+ "Table of Contents":"目次",
+ "restart presentation":"最初から再生",
+ "restart?":"最初から"
+ },
+ help_ja:
+ "マウス左クリック ・ スペース ・ 左右キー " +
+ "または Page Up ・ Page Downで操作， S ・ Bでフォントサイズ変更",
+
+ strings_zh: {
+ "slide":"幻灯片",
+ "help?":"帮助?",
+ "contents?":"内容?",
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+</script>
+</head>
+<body class="article" style="max-width:45em">
+<div id="header" class="slide">
+<h1>BBSs and Early Internet Access in Germany</h1>
+<span id="author">Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org></span><br />
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_circuit_switched_telephony">Circuit Switched Telephony</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Telephony from 1876 until ~ 1988
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Analog voice circuit 300-3000 Hz
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Dial-up connection between A and B party
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Copper wires physically switched at intermediate telephone exchange
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Voice signal possibly amplified in the path
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_hardware">Hardware</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Telephone
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Copper wire
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Telephone Exchange
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_accoustic_coupler">Accoustic Coupler</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+First devices to transmit bits as audible tones over telephone
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+User manually dialled phone number like voice call
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+After call was established, both sides put receiver into coupler
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/accoustic_coupler.jpg" alt="images/accoustic_coupler.jpg" width="50%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_modems">Modems</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Automatization of the accoustic coupler</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Avoid speaker/micrphone path
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+directly generate/receive tones on phone line
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+directly dial the phone number / answer the line
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/Modems.jpg" alt="images/Modems.jpg" width="50%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_modem_speeds_standards">Modem Speeds / Standards</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="tableblock">
+<table rules="all"
+width="50%"
+frame="border"
+cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th align="left" valign="top">Standard</th>
+<th align="left" valign="top">Rate (bps)</th>
+<th align="left" valign="top">Year created</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.21</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">300</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1962*</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.22</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1200</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1980*</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.22bis</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">2400</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1984*</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.32</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">9600</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1984*</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.32bis</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">14400</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1991</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.32ter</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">19200</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1993</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.34</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">28000</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1994</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.34bis</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">33600</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1996</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">V.90</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">56000</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1998</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_bbss">BBSs</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>What’s a BBS?</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Computer with Modem accepting incoming calls
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+offering interactive service to users who dial in
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_content">Content</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+bulletin boards / message boards
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+live chat with sysop (or other users in multi-line BBS)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+multi-user games (text based!)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+file areas / downloads
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+ASCII / ANSI artwork
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/dosbox-telemate-login.png" alt="images/dosbox-telemate-login.png" width="50%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_technology_software">Technology/Software</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Both sides: Computer + Modem
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+BBS Side
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+BBS Software
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+often extended by "doors" (external programs, think of CGI for web)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+User Side
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Terminal Program (e.g. TELIX, Telemate for DOS)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/telemate.jpg" alt="images/telemate.jpg" width="50%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_the_bbs_protocol_stack">The "BBS Protocol Stack"</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the spirit of protocol stack diagrams…</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg" alt="images/bbs-protocol_stack.svg" width="80%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_curiosity_vector_graphics">Curiosity: Vector Graphics</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+BBSs were typically all Text, mostly ANSI CP437 charset
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+RIP (Remote Imaging Protocol) / RIPscrip introduced vector graphics
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+RIPscrip introduced in 1992 (by TeleGrafix)
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Commands like “!|w00001B0M10” to draw vector graphics over Modem
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+RIPterm as terminal program for EGA (640x350)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/Nouveau.png" alt="images/Nouveau.png" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_isolated_bbss">Isolated BBSs</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>To participate in bulletin/message boards</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Users log in at different times
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+BBS is busy while a user is logged in
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Multiple modems / phone lines is one (expensive) option to scale
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Time limit per User (minutes/day) often used
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_points_offline_messages">Points / Offline Messages</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Users don’t read/write interactively during active modem call
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Messages get written offline and compressed/batched during short call
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Advantages:</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+lower cost (shorter phone calls, metered!)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+shorter connection per user
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+BBS can scale to more users this way
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/xpmenu.gif" alt="images/xpmenu.gif" width="60%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_bbs_networks_store_forward">BBS networks (store + forward)</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Idea: Replicate bulletin / message boards between independent BBSs, for</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+scalability in number of users
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+scalability in geographic scope
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+most users will prefer least-expensive local calls to long-distance
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+efficient transport over long distance due to routing/forwarding of compressed batches
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_bbs_network_technology_examples">BBS network technology (examples)</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+FIDO (Netmail + Echomail)
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Othernets like TrekNet, GerNet using same FTN technology
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Z-Netz (Mail + News)
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+T-Netz, CL-Netz
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+UUCP (Usenet Mail + News)
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Often only way to access "Internet" before IP access was available
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+MausNet - Münster Apple User Service
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+used by up to 120 BBSs in DE / AT / CH
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_example_fidonet">Example: FIDOnet</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Starts in 1984 with two BBSs
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Initial limit of 250 nodes reached in 1985
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Hierarchic, Regoinal routing/Adressing introduced in 1986
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Nodelist defines all nodes of the network + hierarchy
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Addresses like "Harald Welte @ 2:2490/1343"
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Up to 39,000 nodes in 1996, estimated 2 Million users world-wide
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_example_z_netz">Example: Z-Netz</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Started as Zerberus-Netz implemented in Zerberus Software
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Later renamed to Z-Netz as the ZConnect protocol was implemented in other software
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Standards defined based on perceived complexity of RFCs and Usenet/UUCP
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+CrossPoint (DOS) most popular point software for ZConnect
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Addresses like <a href="mailto:H.WELTE@SILVER">H.WELTE@SILVER</a>, later <a href="mailto:H.WELTE@SILVER.zer">H.WELTE@SILVER.zer</a>
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_example_usenet">Example: UseNet</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Established in 1980 in the US
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Uses UUCP (Unix-to-Unix-Copy) as transport mechanism over Modmes
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+UUCP was created in the 1970ies and used to copy files, including Internet Mal
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Usenet News format (RFC850) designed very similar to Internet Mail (RFC822)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Hierarchy of News Groups that gets replicated / flooded accross the network
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Routing defined in route maps
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_curiosity_floppy_poll_point">Curiosity: Floppy Poll/Point</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Not everyone had a phone line in the 1990ies
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+particularly Eastern Germany had big lack of phone lines
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Some people thus exchanged daily floppies in evenlopes and mailed them as postal letters
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Messages arrived about one day later, but with 1-2 days latency even inside the dial-up store-and-forward network, it hardly matters
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png" alt="images/floppy-disk-1219954_640.png" width="30%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_internet">Internet</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Early ways to access Internet:</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Mail/News via UUCP (as stated earlier)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Dial-Up Modem to a TTY of a Unix machine connected to TCP/IP
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Often workstations at universities. You could then run FTP, IRC, telnet, Gopher on the test console
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+ftp-mailers
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+a FTP client running on a remote machine, whose input/output is used by e-mail
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+you send a mail with "ftp ftp.sun.com" and "ls"
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+hours or days later you get the list of files
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+you respond with cd / get / …
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+hours later you get the file as batch of UUencoded mails
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_internet_with_slip">Internet with SLIP</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+if you had dial-up access to a Unix box
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+you could run SLIP on both sides, transporting IP over the modem line
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+IP. At home. In your apartment !!1!
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+later superseded by PPP (auto-configuration, authentication, compression, …)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_isdn">ISDN</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Digital Circuit-Switched Telephony Network
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Transport of Digital Voice (PCM) audio and transparent digital data
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Germany
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+1989 put in operation
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Until 1993 German 1TR6 system
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+From 1994 European E-DSS1
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Hugely popularized from 1995 by subsidies
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_isdn_terminal_adapter">ISDN Terminal Adapter</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+ISDN is an all-digital network
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+No modulator / demodulator required
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Instead, so-called <em>terminal adapter</em>
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Speeds: 64000 (single B-channel) or 128000 (both B-channels)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+V.110 as adaptation to do async serial over sync ISDN (1988)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/isdn.jpg" alt="images/isdn.jpg" width="50%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_how_to_get_internet_access">How to get Internet Access?</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Hard to access in early/mid 1990ies outside of academia
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Almost no commercial ISPs (XLink, EUnet) - and very expensive
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Grass-Roots groups of enthusiasts established themselves
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Kommunikationsnetz Franken e.V. (KNF, franken.de) one of them
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+dial-up UUCP and shortly later IP for personal, non-commercial users
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+POPs in Nürnberg, Fürth, Erlangen, Forchheim, Würzburg, Regensburg, …
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Every user got 6 static IP addresses routed to wherever he dialed in (OSPF!)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+served ~ 800 users / members at peak
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_individual_network_in_e_v">Individual Network (IN) e.V.</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Umbrella Association established in 1992
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Goal to help regional member associations with negotiating framework contracts
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Actual technical access via WiN/DFN, XLink, EUnet
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Regional Member Associations include Oche, Augusta, Escape, IN-Berlin, Hanse, INKA, Toppoint, muc.de, IN-Passau, ThurNet, MAUS, CL-Net and many more
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+IN members served more than 300,000 users at one point
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Dissolved in 2000, when
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+commercial ISPs were widespread, and
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+remaining IN member organizations could get decend connectivity with IN e.V.
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_internet_2">Internet</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>With packet-switched TCP-IP</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+you just needed to dial one number
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+and then access systems world-wide
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This brought new purpose to leased lines</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_analog_leased_lines">Analog Leased Lines</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Telephone operator permanently interconnects wires at exchange
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+No signaling (dialtone/ringtone etc)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Requires modems with special capabilities
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+ATA without an incoming ring first
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+ATD without a dialtone first
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+In Germany: "Analog G" of Post/Telekom
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+I finally could afford one in 1998
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+900 DM installation cost
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+180 DM per month (60 DM per hop)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_hub_nbg_franken_de_1998">hub-nbg.franken.de, 1998</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/pict3_Lg.jpg" alt="images/pict3_Lg.jpg" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_isdn_leased_lines_spv">ISDN Leased Lines "SPV"</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Not really a leased line
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Basically only "flat rate calls" to one specific (fixed) destination
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Available in national 1TR6 only
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_abusing_analog_lines_part_1">Abusing Analog Lines, Part 1</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+ICU-T
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+inverse of ISDN NTBA
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+ISDN BRI (2x64k + 16k) over 12km of telephone line
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Special ISDN routers without signaling to use even 16k D-channel for data!
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Easy upgrade to get performance of a leased ISDN line out of an Analog-G</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_leased_lines_at_knf_1997_1998">Leased Lines at KNF, 1997/1998</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="imageblock graphviz">
+<div class="content">
+<img src="bbs_early_internet__1.png" alt="bbs_early_internet__1.png" />
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_hub_fue_franken_de_undated">hub-fue.franken.de, undated</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg" alt="images/hub-fue-03_Lg.jpg" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_abusing_analog_lines_part_2">Abusing Analog Lines, Part 2</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>When the first DSL modems became availale in the US</p></div>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+we imported some Ascend DSLpipe
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+with some fimrwares, they could be used back-to-back (without DSLAM)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+suddenly we could get speeds of 2.3 MBps over analog lines
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+if they were not too long
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+if they didn’t have in-line inductors
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+soon less expensive alternatives came up Pairgain (2000)
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
+<img src="images/ascend.jpg" alt="images/ascend.jpg" width="50%" />
+</span></p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_from_online_bistro_to_internet_cafe">From Online Bistro to Internet Cafe</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Falken’s Maze was an <em>Online Bistro</em> established in the 1990ies
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+I became a regular around 1994
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+initially had four DOS PCs, each with a Modem, dedicated phone line and a call charge meter
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+you could go there, eat + drink and use the PCs to log into BBSs
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+quickly became preferred meeting point of various nerds, BBS users, SYSOP meetings, etc.
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+PCs were networked with 10base2 and NetWare (DOOM!)
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+people started to dial into CompuServe, AOL, etc.
+</span>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+Internet became more popluar, Falken’s Maze started subsidiary in Nuernberg
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+ISDN SPV was used as Intenret uplink
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_further_reading">Further Reading</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+<a href="http://telnetbbsguide.com/">http://telnetbbsguide.com/</a>
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+list of active telnet BBSs
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+<a href="http://qodem.sourceforge.net/">http://qodem.sourceforge.net/</a>
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+FOSS multi-platform terminal program
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+<a href="http://artscene.textfiles.com/ansi/">http://artscene.textfiles.com/ansi/</a>
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+Archive of ANSI Artwork
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li>
+<span>
+<a href="http://www.filegate.net/nodelist/">http://www.filegate.net/nodelist/</a>
+</span>
+<ul class="">
+<li>
+<span>
+FIDO nodelist of 2017
+</span>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1 slide">
+<h1 id="_eof">EOF</h1>
+<div class="sectionbody" style="max-width:45em">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>End of File</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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mode 100644 index 0000000..56ff6b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/image22.gif diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/isdn.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/isdn.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b791a0d --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/isdn.jpg diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/knf-leased_lines.dot b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/knf-leased_lines.dot new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbfaf37 --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/knf-leased_lines.dot @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#!graphviz +digraph G { + hub_er [label="hub-er\nErlangen", shape="box"] + hub_fo [label="hub-fo\nForchheim", shape="box"] + hub_fue [label="hub-fue\nFuerth", shape="box"] + hub_lau [label="hub-lau\nLauf", shape="box"] + hub_bai [label="hub-bai\nBaiersdorf", shape="box"] + hub_nbg [label="hub-nbg\nNuernberg", shape="box"] + uni_er [label="Uni Erlangen"] + uni_nbg [label="Uni Erlangen\nBuilding in Nuernberg"] + chaplin [shape="box"] + sunbeam [label="sunbeam\n(Harald Welte)"] + + hub_er -> chaplin [label="128k"] + hub_fo -> chaplin [label="64k"] + hub_fue -> chaplin [label="64k"] + hub_lau -> chaplin [label="64k"] + hub_bai -> chaplin [label="33k6"] + chaplin -> uni_er [label="Ethernet"] + uni_nbg -> uni_er [label="X.21"] + hub_nbg -> uni_nbg [label="128k"] + + sunbeam -> hub_nbg [label="33k6"] + user1 -> hub_nbg [label="33k6"] + user2 -> hub_nbg [label="33k6"] + + user3 -> hub_fue [label="33k6"] + user4 -> hub_fue [label="33k6"] + + user5 -> hub_er [label="33k6"] + user6 -> hub_er [label="33k6"] +} diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..70ffc93 --- /dev/null +++ b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/pict3_Lg.jpg diff --git a/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg b/2017/bbs_early_internet-34c3/images/telemate.jpg Binary files differnew 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