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What is IPv6?
Successor of currently used IP Version 4
Specified 1995 in RFC? 2460
Why?
Address space in IPv4 too small
Advantages?
stateless autoconfiguration
multicast obligatorisch
IPsec obligatorisch
Mobile IP
QoS ?
Address Renumbering?
Multihoming?
AddressScopes?
smaller routing tables through G
simplified l3 header
64bit aligned
no checksum (l4 or l2)
no fragmentation at router
Disadvantages
Not widely deployed yet
In most cases access only possible using manual tunnel
OS support not ideal in most cases
W2k?
Linux has support, but no IPsec in official tree -> USAGI
*BSD: full support (KAME
Application support not ideal in most cases
not supported:
supported: bind8/9, apache
Deployment
Experimental 6bone (3ffe::) has been active since 199x.
Uses slightly different Addressing Architecture (RFC2471)
Why isn't it widely used yet?
No immediate need in Europe / North America
Big deployment cost at ISP's (Training, Routers, ..)
Technical: Address Space
IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture (RFC2373)
Format prefix, variable length
001: RFC2374 addresses, 1/8 of address space
0000 001: Reserved for NSAP (1/128)
0000 010: Reserved for IPX (1/128)
1111 1110 10: link-local unicast addresses (1/1024)
1111 1110 11: site-local unicast addresses (1/1024)
1111 1111: multicast addresses
1111 1111 flgs scop
flgs (0: well-known, 1:transient)
scop (0: reserved, 1: node-local, 2: link-local, 5: site-local, 8: organization-local, e: global scope, f: reserved)
Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format (RFC2374)
3bit FP (format prefix = 001)
13bit TLA ID - Top-Level Aggregation ID
13bit Sub-TLA - Sub-TLA Aggergation ID
19bit NLA - Next-Level Aggregation ID
16bit SLA - Site-Level Aggregation ID
64bit Interface ID - derived from 48bit ethernet MAC
2001:0000::/29 - 2001:01f8::/29 IANA
2001:0200::/29 - 2001:03f8::/29 APNIC
2001:0400::/29 - 2001:05f8::/29 ARIN
2001:0600::/29 - 2001:07f8::/29 RIPE
loopback
::1
unspecified:
::0
embedded ipv4
IPv4-compatible address: 0::xxxx:xxxx
IPv4-mapped IPv4 (IPv4 only node): 0::ffff:xxxx:xxxx
anycast
allocated from unicast addresses
only subnet-router anycast address predefined (prefix::0000)
Technical: Header
4bit Version: 6
8bit Traffic Class
20bit Flow Label
16bit Payload Length (incl. extension hdrs)
8bit next header (same values like IPv4, RF1700 et seq.)
8bit hop limit (TTL)
128bit source address
128bit dest address
extension headers:
hop-by-hop options
routing
fragment
destination options
authentication
encapsulating security payload
Technical: Layer 2 <-> Address mapping
Ethernet: No more ARP, everything within ICMPv6
No Broadcast, everything built using multicast.
all-nodes multicast address ff02::1
all-routers multicast address ff02::2
Technical: Address Configuration
router discovery
routers periodically send router advertisements
hosts can send router solicitation to explicitly request RADV
prefix discovery
router includes prefix(es) in ICMPv6 router advertisements
other nodes receive prefix advertisements and derive their final address from prefix + EUI64 of MAC address
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