path: root/2012/foss-sdr12europe/foss-sdr12europe.tex

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% This file is a solution template for:

% - Talk at a conference/colloquium.
% - Talk length is about 20min.
% - Style is ornate.



% Copyright 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>.
%
% In principle, this file can be redistributed and/or modified under
% the terms of the GNU Public License, version 2.
%
% However, this file is supposed to be a template to be modified
% for your own needs. For this reason, if you use this file as a
% template and not specifically distribute it as part of a another
% package/program, I grant the extra permission to freely copy and
% modify this file as you see fit and even to delete this copyright
% notice. 


\mode<presentation>
{
  \usetheme{Warsaw}
  % or ...

  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage{times}
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\title{Free and Open Source Software in SDR}

%\subtitle {community based Free / Open Source Software for communications}

\author{Harald Welte <hwelte@sysmocom.de>}

\institute
{osmocom.org\\sysmocom GmbH}
% - Use the \inst command only if there are several affiliations.
% - Keep it simple, no one is interested in your street address.

\date[] % (optional, should be abbreviation of conference name)
{June 29, SDR'12 - WInnForum Europe}
% - Either use conference name or its abbreviation.
% - Not really informative to the audience, more for people (including
%   yourself) who are reading the slides online

\subject{Communications}
% This is only inserted into the PDF information catalog. Can be left
% out. 



% If you have a file called "university-logo-filename.xxx", where xxx
% is a graphic format that can be processed by latex or pdflatex,
% resp., then you can add a logo as follows:

% \pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{university-logo}{university-logo-filename}
% \logo{\pgfuseimage{university-logo}}



% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at
% the beginning of each subsection:
%\AtBeginSubsection[]
%{
%  \begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline}
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%}


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\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
  \titlepage
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Outline}
  \tableofcontents[hideallsubsections]
  % You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
\end{frame}


% Structuring a talk is a difficult task and the following structure
% may not be suitable. Here are some rules that apply for this
% solution: 

% - Exactly two or three sections (other than the summary).
% - At *most* three subsections per section.
% - Talk about 30s to 2min per frame. So there should be between about
%   15 and 30 frames, all told.

% - A conference audience is likely to know very little of what you
%   are going to talk about. So *simplify*!
% - In a 20min talk, getting the main ideas across is hard
%   enough. Leave out details, even if it means being less precise than
%   you think necessary.
% - If you omit details that are vital to the proof/implementation,
%   just say so once. Everybody will be happy with that.

\begin{frame}{About the speaker}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Linux Kernel / bootloader / driver / firmware developmer since 1999
	\item IT security expert, focus on network protocol security
	\item Former core developer of Linux packet filter netfilter/iptables
	\item Board-level Electrical Engineering
	\item Always looking for interesting protocols (RFID, DECT, GSM)
	\item OpenPCD, Openmoko, deDECTed.org, OpenBSC, OsmocomBB, OsmoSGSN
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{About sysmocom GmbH}{systems for mobile communications}
\begin{itemize}
	\item small company, started by two Osmocom developers in Berlin
	\item provides commercial R\&d and support for professional
		users of Osmocom software
	\item develops its own products like sysmoBTS (inexpensive,
		small-form-factor, OpenBSC compatible BTS)
	\item runs a small webshop for Osmocom related hardware like
		OsmocomBB compatible phones, SIMtrace, etc.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\section{Free and Open Source Software}

\subsection{Where is FOSS today}

\begin{frame}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is everywhere
	\item Particularly Servers and all areas of Embedded
	\item FOSS has fundamentally changed the software industry
	\item Systems architecture of products becomes more complex
	\item Nobody can afford to build complex products from scratch
	\item Everyone builds products on existing FOSS components,
		particularly the Linux kernel and other OS-level
		components
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Linux and Free Software (FOSS) everywhere}
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=100mm]{linux_netfilter_singapore_entertainment.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{itemize}
	\item FOSS is not a technology
	\item FOSS is not a product
	\item FOSS is not a company
	\item FOSS is a development methodology and culture
	\item Only companies with sufficient FOSS experience understand
		the value of how to interact with the wider FOSS
		communities
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\begin{itemize}
	\item FOSS enables participation
	\item you don't have to work for a specific company in order to
		do OS development
	\item nobody has to have any formal relationship with their
		collaborators, suppliers.
	\item any {\em nobody} can contribute, even so-called amateurs,
		hobbyists, students
	\item it doesn't matter how deep your pockets are
	\item meritocracy (the better your merits, the more you have a
		say in the development process)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{FOSS: Democracy / Equal Access}
\begin{itemize}
	\item The means of productions (Computers, OS, Compilers) are
		abundant and inexpensive (for the first world)
	\item Anyone can create and produce software, all you need is
		your brain
	\item No membership required in exclusive forums, industry
		clubs, consortia
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\subsection{FOSS and SDR}

\begin{frame}{Traditional Radio Engineering}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Traditional radio development required electrical
		engineering in hardware.  You have to
	\begin{itemize}
		\item know analog / RF electronics
		\item spin board revisions / prototypes
		\item actually physically build something
	\end{itemize}
	\item Aside from the skills, there is a significant non-HR cost
		involved for actually doing this development
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{SDR and FOSS}
\begin{itemize}
	\item SDR transforms radio engineering into the software domain
	\item In Software, all you need to do R\&D is a bit of general-purpose hardware and your brains
	\item With inexpensive general-purpose SDR hardware, the same
		conditions apply to development of radio software!
	\item Participatory, collaborative, community driven R\&D
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\section{SDR hardware popular in community SDR projects}

\begin{frame}
\begin{itemize}
	\item When you (the audience) thinks of SDR, it's probably
		mostly bleeding-edge high-end and high-cost
	\item At the same time, if you don't have the same high-end
		requirements, SDR receiver hardware is available cheap
	\item commoditization effect
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}{The USRP family}
\begin{itemize}
	\item probably the most-used SDR hardware in the FOSS world
	\item still the primarily radio used with gnuradio today
	\item at the low end of the 'professional sdr' price segment
	\item still, typical configuration costs > 1000 USD
	\item not everyone is able to spend that (students, hobbyists,
		especially outside first world countries)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\subsection{Fun Cube Dongle Pro}

\begin{frame}{Fun Cube Dongle Pro (2010)}
\begin{itemize}
	\item 64 MHz to 1700 Mhz USB SDR receiver (193 USD)
	\item limited to 96 kHz I/Q baseband sampling
	\item great for amateur radio and TETRA, but most other
communications systems (like GSM introduced in 1992) use wider band-widths
	\item great progress in terms of size and cost, but much more
limited than USRP
	\item Hardware design and firmware sadly are proprietary
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Fun Cube Dongle Pro (2010)}
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=110mm]{fcdp_pcb.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

\subsection{OsmoSDR}

\begin{frame}{OsmoSDR (2012)}
\begin{itemize}
	\item small, low-power / low-cost USB SDR hardware (225 USD)
	\item higher bandwidth than FunCubeDonglePro (1.2 Ms/s / 14bit)
	\item much lower cost than USRP, but more expensive than FCDP
	\item Open Hardware (schematics), software (FPGA, firmware)
	\item Undergoing another re-spin for 4.2 Ms/s @ 14bit
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=70mm]{osmosdr.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

\subsection{rtl-sdr}

\begin{frame}{Realtek RTL2832U based DVB-T receivers}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Realtek RTL2832U based DVB-T receivers are cheaply
		available on the market (USD 20)
	\item RTL2832U implements ADC, DVB-T demodulator and high-speed
		USB device
	\item Normal mode of operation includes full DVB-T receiver
		inside RTL2832U hardware and only sends MPEG2-TS via USB
	\item Reverse engineering the USB protocol and replaying certain
		commands from custom libusb based code was able to trigger the raw
		sample transmission to the host PC
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{RTL2832U based devices: EzTV 668}
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=110mm]{ezcap_top.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{RTL2832U based devices: Hama nano1}
\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=110mm]{hama_nano1.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}


\section{Free Software SDR software}

\begin{frame}{Gnuradio}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Philosophy: Implement SDR not as hand-crafted special-case hand-optimized assembly code in some obscure DSP, but on a general purpose PC
	\begin{itemize}
		\item with modern x86 systems at multi-GHz clock speeds and with many cores this becomes feasible
		\item of course way too expensive for a mass-produced product, but very suitable for research, teaching and rapid prototyping
	\end{itemize}
	\item Implement various signal processing elements in C++
	\begin{itemize}
		\item assembly optimized libraries for low-level operations
		\item provide python bindings for all blocks
	\end{itemize}
	\item Python script to define interaction, relation, signal~routing between blocks
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{gnuradio based waveform implementations}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Of course plenty of gr-based implementations for the various analog
		modulation schemes
	\item Check out CGRAN (comprehensive gnuradio archive network):
		Includes 802.11, Zigbee, RDS, DECT, AIS, UHF RFID, ADS-B
	\item Many other projects out of academia and community, such as
		OpenLTE (early stage of downlink Rx/Tx)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Osmocom / osmocom.org}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Osmocom == Open Source Mobile Communications
	\item Classic collaborative, community-driven FOSS project
	\item Gathers creative people who want to explore this
		industry-dominated closed mobile communications world
	\item http://osmocom.org/
	\begin{itemize}
		\item non-sdr sub-projects like L2/L3 protocol stacks
		\item sdr sub-projects for mostly Rx side
	\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}{OpenBSC}
\begin{itemize}
	\item first Osmocom project
	\item Implements GSM A-bis interface towards BTS
	\item Supports Siemens, ip.access, Ericsson and Nokia BTS
	\item can implement only BSC function (osmo-bsc) or a fully
		autonomous self-contained GSM network (osmo-nitb) that
		requires no external MSC/VLR/AUC/HLR/EIR
	\item deployed in > 200 installations world-wide, commercial and
		research
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{OsmocomBB}
\begin{itemize}
	\item Full baseband processor firmware implementation of a mobile phone (MS)
	\item We re-use existing phone hardware and re-wrote the L1, L2,
		L3 and higher level logic
	\item Higher layers reuse code from OpenBSC wherever possible
	\item Used in a number of universities and other research contexts (including Ericsson Research)
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=50mm]{c123_pcb.jpg}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{OsmocomTETRA}
\begin{itemize}
	\item SDR implementation of a TETRA radio-modem (PHY/MAC)
	\item Rx is fully implemented, Tx only partial
	\item Can be used for air interface interception
	\item Accompanied by wireshark dissectors for the TETRA protocol
		stack
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{OsmocomGMR}
\begin{itemize}
	\item ETSI GMR (Geo Mobile Radio) is "GSM for satellites"
	\item GMR-1 used by Thuraya satellite network
	\item OsmocomGMR implements SDR based radiomodem + PHY/MAC (Rx)
	\item Partial wireshark dissectors for the protocol stack
	\item Reverse engineered implementation of GMR-A5 crypto
	\item Speech codec is proprietary, still needs reverse engineering
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{OsmocomOP25}
\begin{itemize}
	\item APCO25 is Professional PMR system used in the US
	\item Can be compared to TETRA in Europe
	\item OsmocomOP25 is again SDR receiver + protocol analyzer
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{The OpenBTS Um - SIP bridge}
\begin{itemize}
	\item OpenBTS is a SDR implementation of GSM Um radio interface
	\item directly bridges to SIP/RTP, no A-bis/BSC/A/MSC
	\item suitable for research on air interface, but very different
		from traditional GSM networks
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{airprobe.org}
\begin{itemize}
	\item SDR implementation of Um sniffer
	\item suitable for receiving GSM Um downlink and uplink
	\item predates all of the other projects
	\item more or less abandoned at this point
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}{Thanks}
Thanks for your attention.  I hope we have time for Q\&A.
\end{frame}


\end{document}