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Free Software and the GNU project
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by
Harald Welte <laforge@gnumonks.org>
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Free Software and the GNU project
Contents
Introduction
Richard Stallman
The GNU project
Free Software
Copyleft
Other free software licenses
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Free Software and the GNU project
Introduction
Background
In the 1960es software was always bundled to hardware and came in the source code
This didn't change very much during the 70s, because hardware was expensive
binary-only proprietary software became very strong in the early 80s
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Free Software and the GNU project
Richard Stallman
Experienced the early computing years at MIT AI labs
Was unwilling to give up the freedom he had through the source code
Had already written Emacs, the famos editor
Decided to do something against it in fall 1983
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Free Software and the GNU project
The GNU project
Started 1984 by Richard Stallman
Aim: Implement a free UNIX like system
He started with a development environment (gcc, )
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Free Software and the GNU project
What is free software
According to Richard Stallmans definition, free software has the following freedoms:
Freedom to use the program for every purpose
Freedom to study how the program works and to adapt it to your own needs. Access to the source code is a precondition for this
Freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
Freedom to improve the program and release the changes to the public, so that the whole community benefits. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
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Free Software and the GNU project
Copyleft
Copyleft is a special enhancement to free software
Copyleft is defined by the GNU GPL (General Public License)
It adds certain distribution terms for the software and any derived work
If you redistribute a copylefted software to anybody, you license it including the sourcecode under the terms of the GPL
All derived work from the program is subject to the GPL, too.
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Free Software and the GNU project
Other free software licenses
Apart from the GNU copyleft free software license (GPL) there are some other non-copyleft free software licenses.
The BSD (Berkley Software Distribution) license and the XFree86 license are the best-known examples
These licenses don't protect the software from being used in proprietary software products.
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Free Software and the GNU project
Open source
Open source is a totally different ideology than free software.
The open source movement has the goal to produce stable software through availability of the source code to the public. Compare this to the aim of the free software movement: Freedom for all users.
Open source licenses may restrict publications of derived work as well as redistribution.
Please use the term 'free software' if you talk about linux and other projects licensed under the terms of the GPL or BSD license.
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Free Software and the GNU project
Further information
More information about free software is available at http://www.gnu.org
More information about the open source movement is available at http://www.opensource.org
The author can be contacted at <laforge@gnumonks.org>
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